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AND ROUTES TO 



NIAGARA FALLS, LAKE GEORGE, 



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8HAR0H. u "' " ^ SPRINGS- 

THURSTY McQUILL. 




T 




t THE STEAMBOATS 

j C. "VITJB A "RD & D ATvTTT^T, rmEW 

LEAVE NEW YORK EVERY MORNING, 

From Vestry St. Pier and 23d St., (north of Erie Basin.) 

RETURNING LEAVE 

Albany, foot of Hamilton St., 

Making the usual Landings. 

Thursty McQuill's Guides sold at News Offices, on Cars and Steamboats. 

PUBLISHED FOB, THIS LINE BY JOHN FEATHER8T0X, 

Proprietor of News Stands oti the Vibbard and the Drew. 



r 






MONTREAL. 

BROWN & CLAGGETT, 

IMPORTERS OF 

Silks, Velvets, Shawls. Mantles, Real Laces and Ribbons, 




One Thousand Dozen French Kid Gloves in all the new Shades and Styles. 

Ladies and Gents Furnishings in Great Variety. 

Ladies Costumes in Stock and made to order. 

The Tweed and Cloth department is under the management of an able cutter. Gents 
garments got up on shortest notice and latest styles. 

Strangers and Tourists should not fail to visit this Renowned Establishment, as they 
will always find a choice Stock of the latest Novelties. 

IS'os. 434, 436 & 438 Notre Dame Street, and Nos. 25, 27 & 29 St. Helen Street, West End, 

R. G.BROWN. MONTREAL. ft C. CLAGGETT. 



THE 



HUDSON RIVER 



BY 



Daylight. 



NEW YORK TO ALBANY, 

SARATOGA SPRINGS, LAKE GEORGE, LAKE CHAMPLAIN, PLATTSBURG THE 

ADIRONDACK, MONTREAL, THE THOUSAND ISLANDS, NIAGARA FALLS, 

WATKINS' GLEN, RICHFIELD SPRINGS, COOPERSTOWN, SHARON, 

HOWE'S CAVE, THE GREEN MOUNTAINS, MANCHESTER, 

MIDDLETOWN AND LEBANON SPRINGS. 

THE FIRST DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OK THE HUDSON EVER PUBLISHED. 



Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1873, by 

WALLACE BRUCE, 
in the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washi 










PUBLISHED BY 

JOHN FEATHERSTON, 

Proprietor of News Stands on the Day Line of Steamboats. 
NEW^ YORK, 1873. 

mt 



LOVEJOY, SON A CO., ELECTBOTYPERS, 15 VANDEWATEB ST., N. T. 



ESTABLISHED IS 18. 



SOLE AGENTS FOE THE CELEBRATED 

DLYSSE HARDIN WATCH. 

THE FIRST PRIZE was awarded the above Watch at the annual competition 

of the National Observatory in Switzerland, for 1868 and 18(59, 

OVER ALL SWISS MANUFACTURERS. 

ALSO IN STOCK, 

WATCHES OF NOTED ENGLISH MAKERS. 



ELECTRO-PLATEN 



WARE. 



THE LARGEST AS- 
SORTMENT OF FINE 
JEWELRY IN TBE 
DOMINION. 




OPERA AND MARINE 



GLASSES. 



LADIES' AND GENTS' 
DRESSING BAGS 
jj km CASES FITTED 
COMPLETE. 



SAVAGE, LYMAN & CO., 

Nos. 226 and 228 St. James Street, Montreal. 

Fine Cutler*/, Mantel and Traveling Clocks. All kinds of 

Jewelry made to order. Chains a specialty. 

ALSO, MANUFACTURERS OF SOLID SILVER WARE IN ALL ITS VARIETIES. 
CAUTION.— Owing to the very great satisfaction given by the manufactures of JJwresB 




5 pure- 



226 and 228 St. James Street, Sign of the Illuminated Clock. 



FTv\ 



1 V. fi. -*"% A f\ 



StBUDSGN RIVER GUIDE-BOARD 



V HO M 



NEW YORK TO ALBANY. 



What a Person wishes to See and Know About the Hudson. 



A Condensed Sketch of the Prominent Points of Interest, presenting 
at once an Index to Book, Map, and River. 



As the boat leaves the pier an extended view is obtained of (he upper bav 
of New York — miles of shipping; and, in the southern distance, twelve 
miles of Staten Island. 

Trinity, St. Paul's, and St. John's. The three pointed church spires, 
Trinity to the south, and St. John's to the North. 

Prominent Buildings. Equitable and New York Life Insurance Com- 
pany's, near Trinity spire, and the New Bennett Building, on Nassau street, 
corner Fulton. 

Jersey (Jity, on the opposite shore, also lined with the docks of ocean 
steamers, once known as Pauius Hook. 

Hoboken, on west side, a short distance above Jersey City. 

Castle IIill,n rocky promontory above H&boken, crowned with the mansion 
of the Stevens family. 

Mysian Fields, above Castle Hill, sloping to the river. 

Bergen Heights rise in the background, west of Hoboken. 

Manhattan Market, a fine brick building on the New York side, at the 
intersection of Tenth Avenue and Thirty-Fourth Street. 

5 



Wediawken, the scene of the duel between Hamilton and Burr, on the west 
bank, above tbe Elysian Fields. 

Sixty-Fifth Street, marked by a rocky bluff on the New York side. 

Mystery. The seven-story white building on the west, above Weehawken, 
is only a lager-beer brewery. 

Jones Hill, on New York side. The long wooden building, near the river, 
is a shootinff-gallerv. 

Lunatic Asylum, known as Bloomingdale Hospital, on the New York side, 
between 115th and 100th streets. 

Manhattanville, a citv suburb in the neighborhood of 132d street- 

CarmansviUe (the home of Audubon, the great ornithologist), a city suburb 
at 152d street, where you see a red building (sugar refinery). 

River House. Hotel near the river, on the New York sid' v , once called the 
Claremont Hotel. 

Trinity Cemetery, above the hotel. 

New York Institute for Deaf and Dumb. A large building of yellow Mil- 
waukee brick, a little above CarmansviUe. Will accommodate 450 persons. 
Incorporated 1817. 

Tillie Teudlem, on west side, opposite CarmansviUe. Hotel, dock, <fcc. 

Fort Lee, about a mile above Tillie Teudlem. The site of the old fort is 
marked by a white fence on the bluff. 

Palisades commence at Fort Lee. and extend fifteen miles. A sheer wall 
of trap-rock, from 250 to 550 feet high, covered with trees that seem in the 
distance like a fringe of shrubbery. 

Washington Heights, on New York side, between 181st and 185th streets. 
Almost opposite Fort Lee. 

Fort Washington. The site of the old fort was near the residence of the 
late James Gordon Bennett. The residence will be distinguished among the 
trees by its gilded dome. 

Jeffrey s Hook. A point jutting into the river below Washington Heights. 

Innwood, A little station on the Hudson River Railroad, above the heights. 
This place was once known as Tubbie Hook. 

Palisade Mountain House. Large hotel on the Palisades, opposite Inn- 
wood. 

Spuyten Duyvel Greek (Harlem River), on the east, or New York side, 
meets the Hudson. It reaches, in a southeasterly direction, to the Esst River, 



■**ii ■ * i M i. 



forming the island of Manhattan, or New York. The island is twelve miles 
long, averaging about two miles in width,— wedge-shape, pointing to the 
Battery. 

Spuyten Duyvel. A cluster of houses above the creek. 
Westchester Heights rise above the village of Spuyten Duyvel. 

Riverdale Station. First station on the Hudson Paver Railroad above 
Spuyten Duyvel. 

The Convent and Academy of Mount St. Vincent. Fifteen miles from New 
York. The castle-like building in front, once known as Fonthill, built by 
Edwin Forrest. 

Yonkers. A fine, thriving town, seventeen miles from New York. Near 
the landing we see the neat depot of the Hudson River Railroad. Also, the 
principal news depot between New York and Albany. John Featherston, 
proprietor. 

. C. II. LilienthaVs Residence. A brown building, with square tower, two 
miles above the landing. 

Spring-IIitt Grove. Also on the east bank, and near by the ruins of a 
pickle and preserve factory. 

Dudley s Grove. Just beyond. 

•Indian Head, The highest point of the Palisades, about opposite the Grove. 

Hastings-on-the- Hudson. Four miles north of Yonkers, on the east side. 
The sugar-refinery near the bank is the largest on the river. 

Dobbs' Ferry. On the east side, above Hastings, twenty-two miles from 
New York. The river now T widens into Tappan Bay. 

Piermonty with its long .pier, on the Avest side, almost opposite. This was 
once the terminus of the Erie Railroad, and marks the boundary-line between 
New York and New Jersey. 

Nevis. Once the home of Col. James Hamilton, on the east side, above 
Dobbs' Ferry ; long columns in front of house. 

Cottinet Place. Built of Caen Stone, near Nevis; pronounced the most 
elegant residence on the Hudson. 

Cyrus W. Field' 's Residence. Also between Dobbs' Ferry and Irvington. 

Irvine/ton. 'Four miles north of Dobbs' Ferry, on east side; once known 
as Dearman's. Name changed in honor of "Washington Irving. 

Sunnyside. Haifa mile above Irvington Station; once called Wolfert's 
Roost; near the river, and hardly visible through the trees. 



Cunningham Castle. Stone mansion, with pointed tower, on the hill. 

Paulding Manor. The white marble edifice, of Elizabethan architecture. 
The hot-house, with cupola, cost of itself $100,000. 

Bierstadt, the artist, brown stone house, with cupola, south of the Paulding 
manor. Mr. Halsted's residence (of the old firm of Halsted, Humes, & Co.), 
in immediate neighborhood. 

Tarry town. On east side, three miles above Iryington ; twenty-six miles 
from New York. 

Sleepy Hollow. A tittle north of Tarrytown. The old Dutch church is 
visible with ;i glass, and the quiet graveyard where Irving- is buried. 

Ex-Mayor Kingsland , s. Two summer-houses, or stationary bird-cages, will 
be noticed on the east bank, just above Tarrytown. Here is the home of 
Mr Kingsland. 

William AxjHumdTn Tltxkh'.vcr. Above Tarrytown : brown square tower; 
the largest on the river. 

Johnny Dean's, and "his own Mary Ann." Near the river, below Mr. 
Aspinwall's, and a little to ihe north, is the place where Johnny Dean met 
"his own Mary Ann." 

Nyaek. Opposite Tarrytown. (In the channel the ferryboat connects with 
the Day Line.) The large building a little south of the village is the Rockland 
Female Seminary. 

Ramapo Mountains. Above Nyaek, on the west side; known by naviga- 
tors as the Hook, or Point-no-Point. They lie in little headlands, 500 or 
600 feet high, and reach most of the way from Nyack to Haverstraw. (The 
point is, in fact, an illusion ; was once called Verdrietege's Hook ; now some- 
times styled Rockland Lake Point.) 

Sing Sing. On east side, six miles above Tarrytown. The white buildings 
near the river-bank, south of the village, are the State Prison. 

Rockland Lake. Almost opposite, on the west bank, between two hills. 
This is the source of the Hackensack river, and the great ice-quarry for New 
York. 

Croton River, on the east bank, meets the Hudson about one mile above 
Sing Sing, where you see the drawbridge of the Hudson River Railroad. 

Croton Point. Just above Croton River. 

Teller's Point. That part of Croton Point which juts into the Hudson. 
Here is Underbill's grapery, and this point separates Tappan Zee from 
Haverstraw Bay. 



Crohn. Just above the Point, on the eastern side. 

Haver straw Bay. The widest part of the Hudson — five miles from Haver- 
straw to Croton. Held as it were in the arms of Croton Point on the south, 
and Verplank's Point on the north. 

Haverstraw. On west bank. Two miles of brick-yard, north of Haver- 
straw, line the river 

High-ihorn, or Thornhill. The highest peak near the village, to the .south- 
west. 

Treason Hill. North of Haverstraw, where Arnold and Andre met, at the 
house of Joshua Hett Smith. 

Grassy Point. On west side, two miles above Haverstraw, 

Montrasses Point. On the east side. 

Mnrmsickongo Creek flows into the Hudson, just above Grassy Point 

Stony Point. One mile above Grassy Point, on west side. The house and 
lighthouse built on the site of the old fort, and in part of the same material. 

Verplank's Point. On east side, directly opposite. The river here is only 
half a mile wide. This was known as King's Ferry, at and before the Re- 
volution. The Point is now adorned with brick-yards. 

Tompkins Core. Lime-kiln and quarry on west side. 

"PeekskiU. On east bank, above Verplank's Point, forty-two miles from 
New York. 

KichVit Point. Now called Caldwell's Landing-, on west side. The steamer 
turns this point almost al right angles, and enters the Highlands. 

Dunderberg, or Dunderbarrack, a mountain on west bank, about 1.000 feet 
high. 

lona Island. Grapery, and fine pic-nie. grounds. 

T/te Nameless Highland. On east side. It. rises in two peaks, something 
like Dumbarton Crag, on the river Clyde. 

The Rare. The river channel is so termed by navigators, between lona 
Island and the east bank. 

Anthonys Nose, Prominent feature of the river, 1500 feet high. The 
railroad tunnel is near the river. In front of tunnel a hole in the rock. 
Here was fastened one end of the chain that was thrown across the channel 
; to obstruct British ships during the Revolution. 

Montgomery Creek, on west side, empties into the Hudson about opposite 
the point of Anthony's Nose. 



Fort Clinton was on the south side of this Creek, and Fort Montgomery on 
the north side. 

Highland LaJce, about one mile in circumference, on the south side of Mont- 
gomery Creek. The site is marked by an ice-house. 

Sugar-Loaf. Turning Anthony's Nose we get a good view of Sugar-Loaf 
Mountain to the north. Cone-shaped, like Ailsa Crag, between Belfast and 
Glasgow. 

David McGuirc's Residence, south of Sugar-Loaf, on east side. 

Beverly Dock, on east bank, where Arnold fled to the "Vulture." A little 
boat-house now marks the point, 

Hamilton Fish has a residence on the bluff under Sugar-Loaf. A brick 
house, with flat roof. 

" Benny Havens, Oh!" As the steamer approaches Cozzen's Landing we 
see a small two-story house, witli verandah. Here still lives Benny Havens, 
the original of the "West Point and College song. 

Parry House, south of Cozzen's Hotel, near the river. Picturesque ruins 
of an old mill in front. 

Buttermilk Falls. A cascade above the Parry House. 

Cozzen's Hotel On a rock two hundred feet above the river. Highland 
Falls Village lies behind the bluff, a place of about 3,000 inhabitants. (Not 
seen from the river.) 

Cozzen's Landing. A romantic road cut through the rock leads from the 
landing to tiie hotel. 

West-Point Landing. A short mile above Cozzen's Landing. Academy, 
Government Buildings, Parade Grounds, &c, on the finest elevation on the 
Hudson. 

Garrison. Opposite West Point, on east bank. 

The Highland House. On cast side, about half a mile from the river, on a 
magnificent plateau, inclosed by the North and Soutli Redoubt Mountains. 
Indian Falls in the vicinity. 

Kosciusco's Monument. Seen on the west side, above West-Point Landimr. 

Fort Putnam, 596 feet high, overlooks the river, on the west side. A gray 
and veteran ruin of '76. 

West-Point Lighthouse. The Hudson here turns a right angle. Roe's Hotel 
has a fine look off to the north. West-Point Village around the Point. 

Constitution Island] opposite the Point. Here are also seen ruins of '76. 
Near the river, home of Miss Warner, author of "Queechy " and " The Wide, 

io 




BOAI> TO COZZENS' DOCK. 

-The main road, partly cut like a sloping terrace in the roots, is 
picturesque at every turn, but especially near the landing, whae 

pleasant glimpses of the river and its water craft may be seen, -trom 
Lossing's "Hudson, From the Wilderness to the Sea ." 



Wide World,'' — a neat White cottage, surrounded by trees, above the boat- 
house. A chain Was also thrown across from this Island to West Point. 

The Tiro Brother*. Twin rocks above Constitution Island, covered in high 
water. 

Old (ho -Ne*t Mountain. On west side, above the Point, 1,418 feet high. 
Scene of Rodman Drake's "Culprit Fay-" 

Kidd'8 Plug Cliff. The precipice fronting the river, toward the northern 
peak of Cro'-Nest. 

Cold Spring. Ou east bank, opposite Old Cro'-Nest. 

Under cliff. A short distance north of Cold Spring, once the home of Ceo. 
P. Morris, on an elevated plateau above the river. 

Mount Taurus, or Bull Hill, above Undercliff. 

Little Stony Point. Under Mount Taurus, Named from resemblance to 
Stony Point, south of the Highlands. 

Break Neck. Above Mount Taurus, on the east side. Here was once the 
Turk's Face, now blasted away. It is said a man did it in spite, and was 
soon after " blown up" himself. 

Storm King. On west bank, above Old Cro'-Nest. It \v:is once known 
as Butter Hill, and years ago as Klinkersberg. Its present name was given 
by Willis. This is the highest point of the Highlands— about 1800 teet. 

Beacon Hill is now seen on the east bank, alter passing Break-Neck— about 
1471 feet high. 

Fishkill Mountains trend oft* to the northeast, across the southern part of 
Duchess County. 

Cornwall, with its pleasant Summer Homes on west side above Storm 
King. 

PollipcVs Island. At upper portal of the Highlands, near the east bank, 

Idlewild. Once home of N. P. Willis, on west side, about one mile above 
Cornwall. (Gothic house north of an open held, the »>rd above a high towered 
building.) 

New Windsor, on west, side about 4 miles north of Cornwall, once the rival 
of Newburgh : now a brick-yard. 

Newburgh Bay. The river here widens into one of the finest bays on the 
Hudson. 

Washington 'k Head Quarters. As the boat approaches the city, we see the 
Head Quarters of Washington; a flag-staff marks the point. The old build- 

12 



ing is also seen with tall chimneys ami steep roof almost sloping to the 
foundations. 

Newbnrgh City. Rising in natural terraces. 

Fishkitt Landing. On east side opposite Newburgh. 

Low Point, or Carthage. On east side above Fishkill. 

Devil's Dans Kammer. Flat rock on the west side, covered with Cedars, 
named the Devil's Dancing Chamber by Hendrich Hudson from an Indian 
Pow-wow witnessed here. 

New Hamburgh, above Low Point, on the east Bide at the mouth of Wap- 
pinger's Creek. 

Hampton Point, opposite New Hamburgh. Here arc the finest white cedars 
on the river. 

Marlborough. Also on west side above Hampton Point. 

Barnegat, on east side. 

Shawangvnk Mountain*, on the west side reach away in the distance 
toward the Catskills. 

Milton. The raspberry and strawberry town on west side above Marl- 
borough. 

Locust Grove. Large brown house on east side, with square tower, home 
of the late Prof. S. F. B. Morse. 

Poughkeepsie Cemetery, on east side ; old Livingston Place directly above 
on a wooded point; near by a large rolling mill is being built. 

Poughkeepsie, 74 miles from New York. Queen City of the Hudson. 
Situated for the most part On a plateau about 200 feet above the river. 

Hiverview Military Academy. Large brick building on a fine eminence. 

Buckeye Mower Manufactory, Adriance, Plait & Co.. proprietors. Fine 
buildings, near the river bank. 

Kaal Rock, near P<>ughkeep>ie landing. Its name signifies Barren Roek. 
Vassar Brewery. Long white buildings above the landing. 

New Palt-i Landing, opposite Poughkeepsie. The west banks here are also 
fine and picturesque. 

Poughkeepsie Watt/- Works. On cast bank about one mile above the land- 
ing. The water is forced from the river to a reservoir on Academy Hill. 
The hill is crowned by Hon. George Morgan's residence, built after the model 
of the Parthenon. 

Mr. Window'.* Residence, on cast bank. 

*3 



The Insane Asylum. About two miles above Poughkeepsie. 

Joseph Boorman, First President of the Hudson River R. R., lives about 
3 miles north of Insane Asylum, -where an iron bridge crosses the track. A 
pretty stone summer house on the point. 

Hyde Park, on cast side, six miles north of Poughkeepsie. Connected 
with Poughkeepsie by a succession of villas; the finest drive in the country. 

Placentia, on west side, about one mile above Hyde Park. Once home 
of James K. Paulding, friend of Washington Irving. 

Doctor Hussadcs Estate, on east side. The front painted blue and white. 
Corinthian pillars. 

Esopus Island and Meadows, on west side. 

Staatsburgh , above Hyde Park on east side. Mr. Pell's great apple orchard 
almost opposite; stone store-house near the river. The river begins to widen 
into Rondout Bay. 

Rhinecliff, or Rhinebeck Landing, on the east side. 

Rondout, or City of Kingston, on west side. A little south of Rondout is 
Port Ewen, known as the " Deserted Village." 

Rokeby. Wm. 13. Astor's residence, above RhineclifF, with tower and 
pointed roof. 

Barryiown, on east side. 

Cruger's Island. 2 miles above Barrytow n, with an imported ruin from 
Italy on the south end of Island. 

Tivoli, on east side, 100 miles from New York. 

Glasgo. A little south of Tivoli, on west side. 

Saugerties. A little to the north of Tivoli, on west side, at the mouth of 
Esopus Creek. 

Maiden. Above Saugcrties, on west side. Dock covered with blue stone 

Clermont. Above Tivoli, on east side. The original Livingston manor. 

West Camp. On west side, above Maiden. 

Four County Island. Near west bank ; the "meeting point " of Duchess, 
Columbia, Greene, and Ulster. 

Germantoicn. On east side. 105 miles from New York. 

Man in the Mountain. From this point we get a fine view of the reclining 
giant. You can trace it by the following outline:— the peak to the south is 
the knee; the next to the north the breast; and two or three above this, the 
chin, the nose, and the forehead. 

14 



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Pound Top. The highest point of the Catskills, 4000 feet high. 

Catskill Mountain House, will be seen in a clear day like a snow drift, 
left on the mountains. 

Livingston. On east side. A small station on the Hudson River Rail Ro'ad, 
about 4 miles above Germantown. 

Catskill. On west side, just above Catskill Creek. 

Prospect Point Hotel. On a line eminence to north of landing. 

Church, the Artist, has a new residence on east side on a hill, almost op- 
posite Catskill. 

Mount Merino. On east side, about two miles up the river. Owned by 
Col. O. D. Ashley. 

Hudson. On east side. Promenade hill just above the landing. 

Athens. Opposite. Hudson River Depot tor freight, large building near 

the river. 

Stockport. On east side, four miles north of Hudson, near the mouth of 
Columbiaville Creek. This creek is formed by the union of the Kinderhook 
and Claverack Creeks. 

Four-mile- Point. On west side, about V2o feel, high ; four miles from 
Hudson and four from Coxsackie. Narrow channel for 2 miles eiose to the 
west, shore. Average about 850 feet wide. At upper end of narrow channel 
Grape vine dock and a Grapery of 100 acres. 

Coxmckie. On west side, 8 miles from Hudson. 
Newton Hook ; opposite Coxsackie : the wooded point is called Prospeci Grove. 

Stuycesarit. On the cast side. Once called Kinderhook Landing. 

Sehodack Island. On east side, about two miles above- Stuyvesant. The 
island is about 3 miles long, covered mostly with broom corn. 

Sew Baltimore. About opposite the centre of Sehodack Island; fifteen 
miles from Hudson and fifteen from Albany. Tiie government dykes begin 
opposite New Baltimore. 

Barren Island. Sate of the famous "Castle of Rensselaerstien" (vid. 
living's Knickerbocker). Four counties also meet here,— Columbia, Ren<se- 
laer, Greene, and Albany. Island %. mile long, : ~ mile wide. 

Coeymans. Right above Barren Island: connected with a dyke. Above 
Coeymans is what is known as the Coeymans' Cross Over. 

Shad Mind. The first island to the westward above Coeymans: 3 miles 
long: old Indian fishing ground. 

lb 



Nine-mite- Tree. On east bank. Casileton. One mile above Tree, on east 
side. Campbell's Island. On lower end a light. 

Cedar Hill Dock. Opposite this light. 

Stoats Island. Above Campbell's Island. This was settled by the Staats 
family before the arrival of the Van Rensselaers', and never belonged to the 
Patroon. The honse is about 200 years old; at least a part of it, and mostly 
built of stone. 

The Overslaugh reaches from VanWies' Point; (the first point above Cedar 
Hill,) about two miles up the river. 

Albany is now near at hand, and we see to the south the Convent of the 
Sacred Heart; to the north the Cathedral, the Capitol, the Stale House, the 
City Hall, &c. Greenbush opposite. Connected with Albany by ferries 
and two fine substantial bridges. 

Troy, on east bank, six miles from Albany. West Troy, opposite. 
Thus, in brief, we have traced the river, as it were step by step, from 
New York to the head of tide-water; and we have endeavored to make 
these pages a practical Guide-Board to the various points of historic and le- 
gendary interest which literally till our river valley. The Hand, whose index 
finger has thus far pointed north, opens at Albany, and with five fingers 
points to — , 

1. Cooperstown, Sharon and Richfield Springs. 

2. Niagara Falls and Watkins Glen. 

3. Saratoga, Lake George and Plattsburg. 

4. Montreal, and the Thousand Islands. 

5. The White and Green Mountains. 

To each of these summer routes we will call your attention, at the close 
of the Hudson sketch. 

And now, as we present our Hudson Handbook for the fifth year to the 
traveling public, we wish to express our acknowledgments to the gentle- 
manly captains and pilots of the day-boats, for many facts here presented in 
this analysis — facts which we could not have gathered either from books or 
libraries. We would also acknowledge the kindness of our friend Mr. Benson 
J. Lossing, and his publishers, Messrs. Virtue & Yorston, 12 Hey Street, in 
allowing us a selection of their beautiful cuts.which have made the " Hudson, 
from the Wilderness to the Sea," a book without a rival, either in England 
or America. w. b. 

17 




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18 



THE HUDSON". 



The Hudson has been called the Shate-muck, the Mohegan, the Man- 
hattan, the Noordt Montaigne, the Mauritius, the North River, and the 
River of the Mountains. It was called the Hudson River, not by the 
Dutch as generally stated, but by the English, as Henry Hudson was an 
Englishman, although he sailed from a Dutch port, with a Dutch crew, 
and a Dutch vessel. The river was called the Mauritius in a letter to 




OLOFFE VAN X0KTLANI>T , 8 T>FFAM. 

the "High and mighty Lords" of Holland, written November 5, 162(5. 
It was called the North River to distinguish it from the Delaware, called 
the South River. The Spaniards called it the River of the Mountains. 
It was discovered in the year 1609. The town of Commnnipaw wa^s 
founded soon after, and according to Knickerbocker, — whose quiet humor 
is always read and re-read with pleasure, — might justly be considered 
the mother colony of our glorious city: for lo! the sage Oloffe Van 
19 



Kortlandt dreamed a dream, and the good St. Nicholas came riding 
over the tops of the trees, and descended upon the island of Manhattan 
and sat himself down and smoked, "and the smoke ascended into the 
sky, and formed a cloud overhead ; and Oloffe bethought him, and he 
hastened and cliinbed up to the top of one of the tallest trees, and saw 
that the smoke spread over a great extent of country; and, as he con- 
sidered it more attentively, he fancied that the great volume assumed 
a variety of marvelous forms, where, in dim obscurity, he saw shadowed 
out palaces and domes and lofty spires, all of which lasted but a mo- 
ment, and then passed away." So New York, like Alba Longa and 
Rome, and other cities of antiquity, was under the immediate care of 
its tutelar saint. Its destiny was foreshadowed, for now the palaces 
and domes and lofty spires are real and genuine, and something more 
than dreams arc made of. 

New Yoek, by virtue of its admirable position, soon became ilio 
headquarters of the fur trade. The merchants of North Holland or- 
ganized a company, and obtained from the States General, in 1614, a 
charter to trade in the New Netherlands ; and, soon after, a colony 
built a few houses and a fort near the Battery. The entire island was 
purchased from the Indians, 1624, for the sum of sixty guilders, or 
about twenty-four dollars. A fort was also built at Albany in 1623, and 
known as Fort Aurania, or Fort Orange. New York was called for 
years New Amsterdam ; but in the year 1664, when tiese forts were 
surrendered to the English, the two settlements took the names of New 
York and Albany, in honor of the Duke of York and Albany. In June, 
1636, the first land was bought on Long Island ; and in 1667 the Ferry 
Town, opposite New York, was known by the name Breuckelen, sig- 
nifying broken land, but the name was not generally accepted until 
after the Revolution. Bergen was the oldest settlement in New Jersey. 
It was founded in 1616 by the Dutch colonists to the New Netherlands, 
and received its name from Bergen, in Norway. Paulus Hook, or 
Jersey City, in 1638 was the farm of William Kieft, Director-General of 
the Dutch West India Company. 

So much for the early history of New York and the surrounding 



20 



cities, which have sprung up as it were in a day; for, as late as 1800 the 
city of Brooklyn Lad only 2,000 inhabitants, and, in 1820, Jersey City 
only 300. 

Hendkich Hudson and the Half Moon. — The first voyagers up the 
Hudson weie, as before stated, Hendrich Hudson and his crew of the 
" Half Moon." He anchored off Sandy Hook September 3d, 1609, and 
remained off the Hook a little more than a week. He then passed 
through the Narrows, and anchored in what is now called Newark Bay; 
on the 12th resumed his voyage, and, drifting with the tide, anchored 
over night on the 13th just above "Yonkcrs ; on the 14th passed Tappan 
and Haverstraw Bays, entered the Highlands, and anchored for the 
night near West Point. On the morning of the 15th entered Newburgh 
Bay, and reached Catskill on the lGth, Athens on the 17th, and Castle- 
ton and Albany on the 18th, and then sent out an exploring boat as far 
as Waterford. His return voyage began on the 23d. He anchored 
again in Newburgh Bay the 25th, and reached Stony Point October 1st ; 
reached Sandy Hook the 4th, and then returned to Euroj>e. The 
"Half Moon " was becalmed off Sandy Hook, and the people of the 
mountains came to see them. "We might also add, in this place, that it 
is claimed by some that Hendrich Hudson was the first to call the river 
" The River of the Mountains, " a name which the Spaniards and French 
afterward adopted. The Iroquois called it the Co-hat-a-tea. The 
Mohegans andLenapes called it theMohegan, orMah-i-can-i-tuk — "the 
continually flowing waters, " — probably from the tide, which rises and 
falls from New York to Troy. The name Mauritius was given in honor 
of Prince Maurice, of Nassau, in the year 1611. 

The Old Reaches. — The Hudson was divided at one time by the old 
navigators, long before the days of "propelling steam," into fourteen 
Reaches — one of which names is still used in the poetic name of Claver- 
ack, the Clover-Reach. We will give 3ome of these as a matter of his- 
toric interest: — 

The Great Chip-Rock Reach — the Palisades — weie known by the 
old Dutch settlers as the "Great Chip," and so styled in the 
Bergen Deed of Purchase, viz., the great chip above Weehawken. 



2 1 



The Tappan Reach, on the east side of which dwelt the Manhattans, 
on the west side the Saulrickans and the Tappans. The third reach 
extends upward to a narrow point called Haverstroo; then comes the 
Seylmaker 's reach, and then Crescent reach ; next Hoge's reach, and then 
Yorsen reach, which extends to Klinkersberg, or Storm King, the 
northern portal of the Highlands. This is succeeded by Fisher's reach, 
where, on the east side, once dwelt a race of savages called Pachami. 
"This reach," in the language of De Laet, " extends to another narrow 
pass, where, on the west, is a point of land which juts out, covered with 
sand, opposite a bend in the river, on which another nation of savages 
— the Waoranecks — have their abode at a place called Esopus. Next, 
another reach, called Claverack; then Backerack; next the Playsier 
reach, and Taste reach, as far as Hinnenhocl: ; then the Himte?'s' reach, 
as far as Kinderhook ; and Fisher's Hook, near Shad Island, over which, 
on the east side, dwell the Mohegans." These old reaches and names 
have long passed away from the use or memory of even the river pilots, 
and may, perhaps, possess interest only to the antiquarian. But 
there are 

FIVE DIVISIONS, OR REACHES, OF THE HUDSON, 

which we imagine will have interest for all, as they present in brief an 
analysis easy to be remembered — divisions marked by something more 
substantial than sentiment or fancy, expressing five distinct charac- 
teristics — 

GRANDEUR, REPOSE, SUBLIMITY, THE PICTURESQUE, BEAUTY. 

1. The Palisades, an unbroken wall of rock for fifteen miles — 
Grandeur. 

2. The Tappan Zee, surrounded by the sloping hills of Nyack, Tarry- 
town, and Sleepy Hollow — Repose. 

3. The Highlands, where the Hudson for twenty miles plays "hide 
and seek " with " hills rock-ribbed and ancient as the sun," — Sub- 
limity. 

4. The Hillsides for miles above and below Poughkeepsie — The 
Picturesque. 

5. The Catskllls, on the west, throned in queenly dignity — Beauty. 



22 



THE PALISADES— GRANDEUR. 

" And as you nearer draw, each wooded height 
Puts off the azure hues by distance given, 
And slowly break upon the enamored sight 
Ravine, crag, field, and wood, in colors true and bright. " 

We know of no other river in the world which presents so great a 
variety of views as the Hudson. Throughout its whole extent, from 
the "Wilderness to the Sea," from the Adirondacks to Staten Island, 
there is a combination of the finest pictures; and each division which 
we have indicated seems to illustrate some of the best scenery of the 
old world. With only a slight stretch of fancy, we imagine the tourist 
may find Loch Katrine " nestled " among the mountains of our own 
Highlands; will see in the Catskills the Sunset Mountains of Arran; and 
in the Palisades the Giant'3 Causeway of Ireland. 

In reference to tins idea of jncture combination, we can appropri- 
ately cite the words of George William Curtis, who pronounces the 
Hudson grander than the Rhine. He says, "The Danube has in part 
glimpses of such grandeur. The Elbe has sometimes such delicately 
pencilled effects. But no European river is so lordly in its bearing, 
none flows in such state to the sea." Thackeray, also, in his "Virgin- 
ians," has given to the Hudson the verdict of beauty; and we imagine 
this is the unprejudiced opinion of tourists and travelers. 

The Palisades, or Great Chip Rock, as they were known by the old 
Dutch settlers, present the same bold front to the river that the Giants' 
Causeway does to the ocean. We should judge these rocks to be of 
about the same height and the same extent. The Palisades are from 
two hundred and fifty to six hundred feet high, and extend about fifteen 
miles, from Fort Lee to the hills of Rockland County. As the basaltic 
trap-rock is one of the oldest geological formations, we might still ap- 
propriately style the Palisades "a chip of the old block." They sepa- 
rate the valley of the Hudson from the valley of the Hackensack. The 
Hackensack rises in Rockland Lake, within two or three hundred yards 
of the Hudson, and the rivers flow thirty miles side by side, but are 
effectually separated from each other by a wall more substantial than 
even the 2,000 mile structure of the "Heathen Chinee." 

Weehawken, one of the sad historic spots of the Hudson, was much 

23 



frequented years ago; but the place is hardly ever visited iu these latter 
days. In fact, everything is changed. The narrow ledge of rock where 
Hamilton fell in a duel with Aaron Burr on the morning of July 11 , 1804, 
has made way for the "West Side Railroad; and we are not sorry that the 
last vestige connected with a " false code of honor" has been removed. 




DUEIiMNG GKOTTND, WEEHAWKEN. 

(From Lossing's "Hudson, from the Wilderness to the Sea.") 

The St. Andrew's Societv, a short time after the duel, erected a monu- 
ment on the spot to the memory of the great statesman, but that too 
was gradually destroyed by visitois, and taken away iu pieces, souvenirs 

of a sad tragedy. 

& J 24 



Spuyten Duyvei, Cbeek. — This is the first point of special legendary 
interest, and takes its name from a highly chivalric and poetic incident. 
It seems that the famorar Antony Van Corlearwas despatched one even- 
ing with an important message up the Hudson. When he arrived at 
this creek, the wind was high, the elements were in an uproar, and no 
boatman at hand. "For a short time," it is said, " he vapored like an 
impatient ghost upon the brink, and then, bethinking himself of the 
urgency of his errand, took a hearty embrace of his stone bottle, swore 
most valorously that he would swim across en spijt en Duyvel (in spite 
of the Devil) and daringly plunged into the stream. Luckless Antony! 
Scarce had he buffeted half way over when he was observed to struggle 
violently, as if battling with the spirit of the waters. Instinctively he 

If 

put his trumpet to his month, and giving a vehement blast — sank for- 
ever to the bottom. " 

Passing the Convent and Academy of Mount St. Vincent, a fine 
structure on the east bank of the river, we come to 

Yonkeks, where Hendrich Hudson anchored one September evening, 
1609. In the quaint language of those days, he ' ' found a loving people, 
who attained great age.' 1 It is also generally believed that this was the 
place where Hendrich Hudson and his mate, llobert Juet, made that 
sage experiment, gravely recorded in the narrative of the discovery. 
"Our master and his mate determined to try some of the chief men of 
the country, whether they had any treachery in them; so they took 
them down into the cabin, and gave them so much wine and aqua vita) 
that they were all very merrie. In the end one of them was drunk, and 
that was strange to them, for they could not tell how to take it." One 
thing is certain, they learned how, as soon as they had opportunity— 
the only branch of civilization for which they appear to have had a 
natural taste. It is moreover said that the effect of this imported jug- 
glery was decidedly strange, and soon after Hendrich's departure it 
came to be believed by the red men, who had seen the zigzag effect of 
fire-water on their brethren, that the Hudson must, at some period of 
the world's history, have become inebriated, to have made such a wind- 
ing channel to the sea, and they instituted a search for the fire-water 

2s 



fountain. Of course they were unable to find the mysterious fountain; 
but the real legend is one of the oldest and therefore most reliable of 
our river traditions. This is the mouth of the Neperan, or Sawmill 
Kiver, and here, in an obscure nook of the Hudson, west of the creek, 
is a large rock, which was called Meech-keek-assin, or Aniackasin, the 
great stone to which the Indians paid reverence as an evidence of the 
permanency and immutability of their deity. 

It is generally said that Yonkers derived its name from Yonk-herr — 
the young heir, or young sir, of the Phillipsie manor. The English 
and Scotch word, however, as used by Shakespeare and Burns (viz., 
yonker and younkers) makes a voyage to a foreign language quite un- 
necessary. 

The old manor house, near the river and above the landing, was 
purchased a short time ago by the village of Yonkers, and converted 
for the most part into offices for transacting town affairs. The older 
portion of the house was built in 1682; the present front in 1745. The 
woodwork is very interesting, and the ceilings, the large hall, and wide 
fireplace. In the room pointed out as Washington's room, the fireplace 
still retains the old tiles, "illustrating familiar passages in Bible his- 
tory," fifty on each side, looking as clear as if they were made but 
yesterday. The town is growing very rapidly, and is almost a part of 
the great metropolis. 

Hastings, four miles north of Yonkers and twenty-one from New 
York, is almost opposite the highest point of the Palisades, viz. , ' ' Indian 
Head." Here, it is said, Garibaldi used to spend his Sundays with 
Italian friends, at the time that he was "keeping a soap and candle 
factory on Staten Island. " 

Doebs' Ferry is the next village above Hastings, on the east side, 
named after an old Swedish ferryman. It is the scene of a romantic 
story, long ago put in verse, and styled the "Legend of Dobbs' Ferry, 
or the Marital Fate of Hendrich and Katrina. " The river now widens 
into a beautiful bay, known as the Mediterranean Sea of the New Neth- 
erlands, and we come to our second division. 

26 



TAPPAN ZEE— KEPOSE. 

" Cool shades and dews are round my way, 
And silence of the early day, 
'Mid the dark rocks that watch his bed 
Glitters the mighty Hudson spread 
Unrippled, save by drops that fall 
From shrubs that fringe his mountain wall; 
And o'er the clear still water swells 
The music of the Sabbath bells." 

The Palisades now lose their wall-like character, and break away in 
little headlands to the north and northwest; and now, as we pass Piee- 
mont, on the west side, we leave behind ns the New Jersey wall, which 
was almost enough to "keep her out of the Union," and are entirely 
within the jurisdiction of the Empire State — the New Jersey line is only 
a short distance below Piermont. The pier of the Erie railroad, which 
here juts into the river, is about one mile in length, and gives the name 
to the village. The boulevard from this point to Rockland Lake, pass- 
ing through Nyack, will soon be one of the finest drives on the Hudson. 
About two miles from Piermont is the old village of Tappan, where 
Andre was executed. 

Irvington is about opposite Piermont, twenty-four miles from New 
York. The river is here about three miles wide, and the sloping hills 
that look over this tranquil bay are literally covered with beautiful 
villas and charming grounds. About half a mile above the depot, and 
near the river bank, almost hid in foliage, is 

SuNNYsrDE, the great classic and poetic spot of our country — the 
home of Washington Irving, who laid the corner-stone of American 
literature. Fifty years ago the English critic sneeringly asked, "Who 
reads an American book ? " Irving quietly answered the question, and 
carried the war into the enemy's country by writing "Braeebridge 
Hall," "Westminster Abbey," and "Stratford-on-Avon;" and his name 
is cherished to-day in England almost as fondly as in our own country. 
A few years ago it was our good fortune to pass a few days in the very 
centre of "Merrie England," in that quiet town on the Avou, and we 
found the name of Irving almost as reverently regarded as that of the 

27 



immortal Shakespeare. The sitting-room in the "Red Horse Hotel, 1 ' 
where he was disturbed in his midnight reverie, is still called Irving's 
room, and the walls hung with portraits taken at different periods of 
ids life. Mine host said that visitors from every land were as much in- 
terested in this room as in Shakespeare's birthplace. The remark may 
have been intensified to Hatter an American visitor, but there are few 
names dearer to the Anglo-Saxon race than that on the plain headstone 
in the burial-yard of Sleepy Hollow. 

In Irving's essay of " Woliert's Boost" (the old name of Sunnyside) 
he describes his home very aptly as "made up of gable-ends, and full 
of angles and corners as an old cocked hat. It is said, in fact, to have 
been modelled after the cocked hat of Peter the Headstrong, as the 
Eseurial of Spain was modelled after the gridiron of the blessed St. 
Laurence." The late Napoleon III. was at one time a visitor at Sunny- 
side; and here, in 1842, Daniel Webster paid Irving a visit, with ap- 
pointment and credentials as Minister to Spain. 

Tarkytown is also on the east side, about three miles north of Ir- 
vington. Its name was derived from the old Dutch word Tarwe-town , 
or wheat-town, although Knickerbocker's natural philosophy imagined 
that it arose from the tarrying of husband at the village tavern. 

On the old post-road, now called Broadway, going north from the 
village, Major Andre was captured, and a monument erected on the 
spot by the people of Westchester County, October 7, 1853, with this 
inscription : — 

ON THIS SPOT, 
THE 23D DAY OF SEPTEMBER, 1780, THE SPS, 

MAJOB JOHN ANDBE, 

Adjutaut-Gencral of the British Army, was captured by 
John Paulding, David Williams, and Isaac Van Wart, 
all. natives of this county. 
History has told the rest- 
It is said that the tree beneath which Andre was captured was struck 
by lightning in July, 1801, the very day of Arnold's death in London. 

2£ 



Tarrytown and vicinity was the very heart of the debatable ground of 
the Revolution; and here, according to Irving, arose the two great 
orders of border chivalry — the Skinners and the Cow-Boys. The for- 
mer fought, or rather marauded, under the American, the latter under 
the British banner. "In the zeal of service both were apt to make 
blunders, and confounded the property of friend and foe. Neither of 
them, in the heat and hurry of a foray, had time to ascertain the poli- 
tics of a horse or cow which they were driving off into captivity, nor 



V 








TOHABOD CEANE ANT> KATF.INA VAN TASSETi. 

when they wrung the neck of a rooster did they trouble their heads 
whether he crowed for Congress or King George." 

This was indeed an eventful neighborhood to the faithful historian, 
Diedrich Knickerbocker; and here he picked up many of those legends 
which were given by him to the world, or found among his papers. 
One of these was the legend connected with the old Dutch Church of 
Sleepy Hollow. A drowsy, dreamy influence seems to hang over the 
land, and to pervade the very atmosphere. "Some say the place was 

29 



bewitched by a high German doctor during the early days of the settle- 
ment; others that an old Indian chief, the wizard of his tribe, held 
his pow-wows there before Hendrich Hudson's discovery of the river. 
The dominant spirit, however, that haunts this enchanted region, is the 
apparition of a figure on horseback without a head, said to be the ghost 
of a Hessian trooper, and was known at all the country firesides as the 
"headless horseman" of Sleepy Hollow. Sunnyside, you remember, 
was once the property of old Baltus Van Tassel; and here lived the fair 
Katrina, beloved by all the youths, but more especially by Ichabod 
Crane, the country schoolmaster, and a reckless youth, Mr. Van Brunt. 
A faithful view of the unsuccessful courtship of Ichabod will be seen in 
the cut here given, from the statuette group of Ichabod and Katrina, 
by Mr. Bogers, of New York, whose skill we again refer to in our article 
on "Rip Van Winkle among the Catskills." 

The reader will also remember the party one evening, and Ichabod's 
return; his race with the Headless Horseman, and his disgraceful over- 
throw. The whole route, and the race for the bridge, recalls the ride 
of Tarn O'Shanter, when pursued by witches on the banks of the Doon. 
Indeed, the old Dutch Church is not a bad representation of old Ailoway 
Kirk. It was built in the early limes of the province, and a tablet over 
the portal bore the names of its founders — Frederick Phillip do, patroon 
of Yonkers, and his wife Katrina Van Cortlandt, of the Van Cortlandt's 
of Croton, " a powerful family connection, with one foot resting on 
Spuyten Duyvel and the other on Croton River," In the peaceful 
burial-yard adjacent sleeps the writer of the gentle heart. A plain slab, 
with this inscription, marks his resting-place: — 

WASHINGTON IRVING, 
Born April 3d, 1783. Died November 28th, 1859. 

But in the soft summer days and the golden autumn his genius seems 
to brood over the hills of Tarrytown and Irvington, even as that of 



Scott over the valley of tlie Tweed. The little stream that winds 
through the valley of Sleepy Hollow is called the Pocantico, an Indian 
name signifying " dark river." 

In a pleasant part of Tarrytown is located the Irving Institute, estab- 
lished in 1838. It is about half a mile from the depot, and commands 




IRVING INSTITUTE, TARRYTOWN, N. T. 

Ajewagnac & Rowe, Principals and Proprietors. 

charming views of the Hudson and inland scenery. From its cupola 
we see, to the south, the Paulding Manor House, the villas of Bierstadt, 
the Cunningham Castle, Nyack opposite the wide expanse of Tappan 
Zee, and miles in every direction; and every view has points of historic 
and poetic interest to every person who has either a taste for history, 
or legends, which are only the foliage of history. It is appropriately 

3i 



styled the "Irving Institute," looking down from its beaufiful eminence 
upon the valley of Sleepy Hollow. We present a fine cut of the build- 
ing and grounds. It is designed to combine the attractions and safety 
of a home with thoroughness of discipline and intellectual culture. 

The Tappan Zee was also supposed to be haunted by the Old Storm 
Ship, which one evening went up the Hudson and never returned; and 
also by the " Flying Dutchman," who still row r s but never makes a port. 
Mr. "Van Dam," of graceless memory, attended a quilting frolic at 
Kakiat, on the opposite shore, one Saturday afternoon; having imbibed 
rather freely, and danced until midnight, he thought it high time to 
return. He was w r arned of the Sabbath's approach, but pulled off, 
swearing he would not land until he reached Spuyten Duyvel if it took 
him a month of Sundays. " He was never seen afterward, but may still 
be heard plying his oars, being the Flying Dutchman of the Tappan 
Zee, doomed to ply between Kakiat and Spuyten Duyvel until the day 
of judgment." 

Nyack-on-the-Hudson, the pleasant village opposite Tarry town. 
On the western skle of the Tappan Zee the mountains sw r eep back 
from Piermont in the form of a semi-circle, and meet the river again 
at the northern extremity of the Zee, in a series of bluffs familiarly 
known as the Hook, almost as imposing as the Rock of Gibraltar, which 
it strongly resembles in outline and general appearance. Within this 
semi-circle — one of the loveliest spots on the river — nestles the village 
of Nyack, which is rapidly growing into a large suburban town. The 
Rip Van Winkle sleep which seems to have rjossessed this part of the 
western shore of the river from time immemorial, has been very prop- 
erly disturbed by the extension of the Northern Railway to Nyack, and 
now all is bustle and activity. No less than three hundred new houses 
have been erected during the last year. Looking out from the pro- 
montory which extends into the "Zee," on a point nearly central be- 
tween Piermont and the Hook is a stately edifice. This is the Rock- 
land Institute, a college for young ladies, of a high order, which has 
secured an almost national celebrity. The patrons of the institution are 
among the most distinguished men of the country in point of wealth 
and literary eminence; and the varied and attractive features of this 



32 



institution have drawn students from almost all tho principal States of 

the Union. 

The Rev. L. D. Mansfield has been its presiding officer almost from 
its foundation, and is still at its head. The esteem in which he is held 
as an educator, may be inferred from the following editorial notice of 
the Institute, which appeared in a recent copy of the Journal: — 

"Around the Rockland Female Institute, we venture to say, gather 
more pleasant associations than cling about any similar insti ution in 
the United States. That peculiar love which some men bring to tho 




EOCKLAND FEMALE INSTITUTE, NYACK-OX-THE-HUDSON. 

work* in which thev are engaged, has been surprisingly and happily 
illustrated here. Mr. Mansfield, from the very commencement, sur- 
rounded himself with an excellent array of teachers in every department, 
and we assume nothing in saving that to-day the Rockland Female In- 
stitute stands in the front rank of all institutions of its kind in the world. 
This may appear like strong language, but we have said no word which 
we do not Ironestly believe to be the truth. 

"Grouped about the Institute are many tasteful cottages, a number 
of which were built by Mr. Mansfield.'* The whole of this plateau is 
remarkable for its adaptation to the erection of pleasant country resi- 

33 



dences, and it is not strange that so many persons of taste, with the 
means wherewithal to develop and gratify that taste, have chosen it for 
their abiding-place." 

During the long summer vacations, this elegant place is converted 
into a summer resort, and is known as the Tappan Zee House, under 
which designation it has attained a deserved popularity. The house 
contains over sixty rooms, and there are furnished cottages and villas 
on the grounds. Nyack is peculiarly free from ills which many places 
are heir to. There is no fever and ague, and no mosquitos. The ease of 
access and the pleasant surroundings make Nyack a desirable place for 
the summer visitor. Here also, in a pleasant part of the village, within 
a short distance from the river, is the Smithsonian Hotel, one of the 
finest home-like hotels for the tourist, summer guest, or transient 
visitor. It has fine views, healthful location, large and well-furnished 
rooms. The new ferryboat " Tappan Zee " connects, in the channel, 
with the day-boats. The old name of Tappan was derived from the 
Indian name Tup-hanne, signifying Cold Stream. 

Sing-Sing, on the east side, is six miles above Tarry town, and 
thirty-two from New York. Its name is said to be derived from the 
Indian words ossi?i, a stone, and ing, a place, from the rocky and stony 
character of the river bank. 

The State Prison, near the river, with its white walls, was built of 
stone quarried on the spot by a band o'-sin-ing mortals imported from 
Auburn in 1829. For thirty-six years Sing-Sing has also been noted as 
the great camp-meeting ground of the Methodist Episcopal Church of 
New York and vicinity. 

Rockland Lake lies opposite Sing-Sing, set in a "dimple of the 
hills," and is not seen from the river. As we look at the great ice- 
houses to-day, which, like uncouth barns, stand here and there along 
the Hudson, it does not seem possible that only a few years ago ice was 
decidedly unpopular, and wheeled about New York in a hand-cart. 
Think of one hand-cart supplying New York with ice! It'was consid- 
ered unhealthy, and called forth many learned discussions. The point 
that seems to project into the river was called " Verdietege " Hook, 
being considered a "very tedious " spot by the old Dutch mariners. 

. _ ,. --- 34 ..— - - 



Croton River meets the Hudson about one mile above Sing-Sing, 
and it is a singular fact that the pitcher and ice-cooler of New York, or, 
in other words, Croton Dam and Rockland Lake, should be directly 
opposite. About thirty years ago, the Croton first made its .appearance 
in New York, brought in by an aqueduct of solid masonry. The old 
Indian name of the Croton was Kitch-a-wonck. The Dam is an inter- 
esting place to visit, and we understand that city milkmen, when jour- 
neying up the river, never pass the point without reverently lifting 
their hats. We would modestly suggest a yearly picnic to this dam, 




LAKE MAHOPAC, ONE OF THE FOUNTAINS OF THE CROTON. 

where these modern Hildebrands could worship their "Undines," and 
compute the value of 500,000,000 gallons at " ten cents a quart, "—a nice 
little running account, large enough per annum to build the State capital 
or the East River bridge. 

Lake Mahopac is one of the finest fountains of the Croton, and the 
finest lake near the metropolis. It can be reached very easily by the 
Harlem Railroad-from New York. The old Indian name was Ma-cook- 
pake, signifying a large inland lake. The same derivation, we imagine, 
is also seen in Copake Lake, Columbia County. The view here given 

35 



shows the island where the last meeting of the southern tribes of the 
Hudson was held. The lake is one thousand feet above tide-water — a 
magnificent sheet of water, with emerald islands; and it is pleasant to 
know that the bright waters of Mahopac and the clear fountains of 
Putnam Cdunty are earned to New York, even as the poetic waters of 
Loch Katrine supply the commercial city of Glasgow. Lake Mahopac 
has fine hotels, and is a pleasant place of summer resort. 

Teller's Point was called by the Indians, Senasqua; and tradition 
says that the aucient warriors still haunt the surrounding glens and 
woods, and the sachems of Teller's Point are household words in tho 
neighborhood. It is also said that there was once a great Indian battlo 
here and perhaps the ghosts of the old warriors arc attracted by the 
Underbill Grapery and the 10,000 gallons of wine bottled every year. 

Haveestbaw Bay. — Passing Teller's Point we come into Haverstraw 
Bay. This expanse of water was called by the Indians, Kumachenack. 
The village is on the west side. Three miles above Haverstraw, also en 
the west side, we pass Stony Point, where, at two o'clock one morning, 
Wayne— better known as "Mad Anthony "—sent the brief despatch to 
Washington : " Dear General — The American flag waves here. " Passing 
Verplank's Point, just opposite Stony Point, and we see 

Peekskill, forty-three miles from New York, on the cast bank, 
where Nathan Palmer, the spy, was hung; and another brief message 
sent by Putnam, to tho effect, "Nathan Palmer was taken as a spy, 
tried as a spy, and will be hanged as a spy.— P. S. He is flanged." In 
1797 Peekskill was the headquarters of old Israel Putnam. ' This was 
the birthplace of Paulding, one of Andre's captors, and he died here in 
1818. There is a monument to his memory about two miles north of 
the village. It is said that the stream and town took their names from 
a worthy Dutch skipper, Jans Peek, who imagined he bad found tho 
head waters of the Hudson, and run aground, on the east side, in the 
stream which now bears his name. It was called by the Indians the 
unpoctic name Sackboes. Near Peekskill is the old Van Cortlandt 
house, the residence of Washington for a short time during the Revo- 
lution. East of the village is the farm and summer home of the great 
pulpit-orator of our country— Henry Ward Beecher. 

36 



THE HIGHLANDS — SUBLIMITY. 

«' And ever-wakeful Echo here doth dwell, 
The nymph of sportive mockery, that still 
Hides behind every rock, in every dell, 
And softly glides unseen from hill to hill." 

Turning Kidd's Point, or Caldwell's Landing, almost at right angles, 
tho steamer enters the Highlands. Near the Point will be seen some 
upiight planks, or caissons, near the water's edge. They mark the s|:>ot 
where Captain Kidd's ship was supposed to have been scuttled. As the 
famous captain's history seems to bo quito intimately associated with 
the Hudson, wo will givo in brief 

The Story of Captain Redd. — His name was William, and he was 
born about tho middle of the seventeenth century; and it is thought 
near Greenock, in Scotland: resided at one time in New Yoik, near 
the corner of William and Cedar Streets, and was thero married. In 
April, 1696, Kidd sailed from England in command of the " Adventure 
Galley," with full armament and eighty men. He captured a French 
ship, and, on arrival at New York, put up articles for volunteers: 
remained in New York three or four months, increasing his crew to 
one hundred and fifty-five men, and sailed thence to Maderas, thence 
to Bonavista and St. Jago, to Madagascar, then to Caiicut, then to 
Madagascar again, then sailed and took the "Qucdah Merchant." 
Kidd kept forty shares of the spoils, and divided the rest with his crew. 
He then burned the "Adventure Galley," went on board the " Quedah 
Merchant," and sailed for tho West Indies. Here he left the "Mer- 
chant," with part of the crew, under one Bolton, as commander. Then 
manned a sloop, and taking part of his spoils, went to Boston via Long 
Island Sound, and is said to have set goods on shore at different places. 
In the mean time, in August, 1698, the East India Company informed 
the Lords Justices that Kidd had committed several acts of piracy, par- 
ticularly in seizing a Moor's ship called the "Quedah Merchant," 
When Kidd landed at Boston he was therefore arrested by the E-irl of 
Bellamont, and sent to England for trial, 1699, where he was found 
guilty and executed. Now it is supposed that the crow of the " Qaedah 

2 i 

----- i i - i i * 



Merchant," which Kidd left at Hispaniola, started with their ship for 
the Hudson, as the crew was mostly gathered from the Highlands and 
above It is said that they passed New York in the night, and started 
with their ship for the manor of Livingston; but encountering a gale 
in the Highlands, and thinking they were pursued, run her near the 
shore, now known as Kidd's Point, and here scuttled her, and the crew 
fled to the woods with such treasure as they could carry. Whether this 
circumstance was true or not, it was at least a current story in tho 
neighborhood, and an enterprising individual, about forty years ago, 
caused an old cannon to be discovered in tho river, and perpetrated the 
first " Cardiff Giant Hoax." A New York Stock Company was organized 
to prosecute the work. It was said that the ship could be seen in clear 
days, with her masts still standing, many fathoms below the surface. 
One thing is certain — the Company didn't see it or the treasurer either, 
in whose hands were deposited about $30,000. 

The Dunderberg rises directly above this point — the Olympus of 
Dutch Mythology. It was the dread of the early navigators, and sailors 
had to drop the peaks of their mainsails in salute to the goblin who 
inhabited it, and presided over those little imps in sugar-loaf hats and 
short doublets, who were frequently seen tumbling head over heels in 
the rack and mist. No wonder that the old burghers of New York never 
thought of making their week's voyage to Albany without arranging 
their wills; and it created as much commotion in New Amsterdam as a 
Stanley expedition in search of Livingstone. Yerdrietege Hook, the 
Dunderberg, and the Overslaugh were names of terror to even the 
bravest skipper. 

Anthony's Nose. — The high peak on the east bank, just above the 
"Nameless Highland," is Anthony's Nose, which, in our Guide-Book 
published in 1869, we considered the prominent feature of the Hudson. 
It is about 1500 feet high, and has two or three christenings. One says 
it was named after St. Anthony the Great — the first institutor of mo- 
nastic life, born A.D. 251, at Coma, in Heraclea, a town in Upper 
Egypt. Irving's humorous account is, however, quite as probable, to 
wit: that it was derived from the nose of Anthony Yan Corlear, the il- 
lustrious trumpeter of Peter Stuyvesant. " Now thus it happened that 

38 



L 



bright and early in the morning the good Anthony, having washed his 
burly visage, was leaning over the quarter-railing of the galley, contem- 
plating it in the glassy waves below. Just at this moment the illustrious 
sun, breaking in all his splendor from behind a high bluff of the High- 
lands, did dart one of his most potent beams full upon the refulgent 
nose of the sounder of brass, the reflection of which shot straightway 
down hissing hot into the water, and killed a mighty sturgeon that was 
sporting beside the vessel. "When this astonishing miracle was made 
known to the Governor, and he tasted of the unknown fish, he marveled 
exceedingly; and, as a monument thereof, he gave the name of An- 
thony's Nose to a stout promontory in the neighborhood, and it lias 
continued to be called Anthony's Nose ever since." This mountain was 
called by the Indians Kittatenny, a Delaware term signifying "endless 
hills." 

Opposite Anthony's Nose is the beautiful island of Iona; and we ob- 
tain a fine view of old Sugar-Loaf to the north. We are now in the 
midst of historic country, and the various points are literally crowded 
together: Beverley Dock, Beverley Ho T ise, Fort Putnam, North and 
South Bedoubt Mountains, Kosciusko's Garden, and Fort Constitution. 
Both sides of the river are full of interest, and we will refer to each 
separately. As the steamer is now nearing the west shore, we will speak 
first of 

"West Point. — The large building on the rock is Cozzens' Hotel, and 
the anding near is known as Cozzens' Dock. Buttermilk Falls, a little 
south of the landing, was known among the Indians as the Prince's 
Fidls, owned by a prince of the hill country. The rivulet south of these 
falls was called by the Indians the Ossinapink, or the stream from the 
solid rocks; and the stream below Anthony's Nose, on the east side, the 
Brocken Hill, a Dutch word from water broken into waterfalls. The 
next landing is about one mile above Cozzens', and is the proper West 
Point Landing. 

Washington first suggested this place as the most eligible situation 
for a military academy. It went into operation about 1812, and the 
land was ceded to the General Government of the United States in the 
year 1826. Tho Academy Build'nrrs and Parade Ground are on a f-.no 

39 



plateau about two hundred feet above the river. The parade-ground 
ccems almost an level as a floor; and, as the buildings are at a little dis- 
tance from trie river, they are only partially seen. The first building 
ou the right hand to one ascending from the landing is tho riding-school 
used in -winter. To the rear of this the public stables, accommodating 
ono hundred and fifty horses. Then, as you ascend, tho pathway brings 
you to a new fireproof building for offices, a beautiful feature. To the 
right hand of this building is tho library, with a dome. The next build- 
ing is the chapel; and nex': to tho chapel is tho old riding-hall, now 
used for recitation -rooms, gymnasiums, gallery of paintings, and mu- 
seums. On the samo street arc located tho cadet barracks; and to tho 
north, tho oiiieers , quarters. Prominent in this vicinity is the fino 
monument to General Sedgwick. Starting again at tho eld riding-hall, 
and going couth, we come to the cadet hall and the cadet hospital; and 
still further south, another section of officers' quarters. l\ear the flag- 
staff will bo found a fino collection of old cannon, old chains, old shell, 
and tho famous "swamp angel " gun, taken from the rebels. Fort 
Knox -was just abovo the landing. Near the river bank can also be seen 
Dade's Monument, Kosciusko's Garden, and Kosciusko's Monument. 
Old Fort Clinton was located on tho plain, near tho monument; and 
far above, liko a sentinel lcit at his post, Fort Putnam looks down upon 
the changes of a hundred years. But cf all places around West Point, 
Kosciusko's Garden seems the finest and most suggestive, connected as 
it is with a hero not only of his own country, but a man ready to battle 
for free institutions, taking up the subiimc words of the old Kcman 
orator, " Where Liberty is, ilierc is my country." A beautiful spring is 
near the Garden, and the indenture cf a cannon -bail 13 still pointed out 
in the rocks, which must have disturbed the patriot's meditations. 

West Point during the Revolution was tho Gibraltar of the Hudson; 
and the saddest lesson of those stern old days is connected with its 
history. Benedict Arnold was in command of this important point, and 
the story of his treachery is familiar to every schoolboy. It vdil be re- 
membered that Arnold met Andre at the kousa of Joshua Hett Smith, 
at a place now known as Treason Hill, near the village of Haverstraw. 
Major Andre was sent as the representative of the British commander, 

40 



Sir Henry Clinton. Andre, "with tho papers and piano of Arnold se- 
creted in his beats, passes down the Tarry town road, and was srrestcd, 
as we said in our article on Tarry town, and tho papers discovered. With 
thi3 preface, our history will carry us across the river to 

Gabfjson, en the cast side. Arnold returned from Eaverstraw t j 
the Beverley House, whero he wao then living. This house is situated 
about one mile couth of the Garrison Depot, near the magnificent 
grounds end residence of the Hen. Hamilton Pish. Colonel Jamieson 
sent a letter to Arnold informing him cf the facts, and this letter Arnold 
received on the morning of the 24th of September. Alexander Hamilton 
and General Lafayette were at breakfast with him. He read its contents 
and excused himself from the table, kissed his wife good-bye, told her 
he was a ruined man and a traitor, hissed his little bey in the cradle, 
fled to Beverley Deck, and ordered his men to pull cH and go down tho 
river. The "Vulture," English man-of-war, was near Teller's Point, 
and received a traitor, whose living treason had to be atoned by tho 
blood of Andre, the noble end pure-hearted officer. lb is said that 
Arnold lived long enough to be hissed in the House of Commons, as ho 
once took his scat in the gallery, and he died friendless, and, in feet, 
despised. It is also said that enc day when Talleyrand arrived i:i Ilr.vro 
on foot from Paris, in the darkest hour of the French Revolution, pur- 
sued by tho bloodhounds cf the reign of terror, he wao about to secure 
a passage to the United States, and asked the landlord of the hotel, " Go 
there are Americans staying at your house ? I am gciug across tho 
water, and would like a letter to a person cf influence in the New 
World." "There is a gentleman up-stairo from Britain cr America," 
was tho response. He pointed tho way, and Talleyrand ascended tho 
stairs. In a dimly lighted room sat the man cf whom tho great minister 
of France was to ask a favor. He advanced, and poured forth in elegant 
French and broken English, "lam a wanderer, and an exile. lam 
forced to fly to the New World without a friend cr heme. You are an 
American. Give me, then, I beseech you, a letter of yours, so that I 
may be able to earn my bread." The strange gentleman rose. With a 
look that Talleyrand never forgot, ho retreated toward tho door of tho 
next chamber. H© spoko as ho rotroatod, and his volco wna full cf 

4i 



suffering: "I am the only man of the New World who can raise his hand 
to God and say, 'I have not a friend, not one, in America! ' " "Who 
are you ? " he cried. ' ' Your name ? " " My name is Benedict Arnold. " 
Would that our modern traitors had the same vulture at their vitals as 
in the early days of the Republic, when treason was made odious with- 
out the aid of politicians. 

If West Point and its fortifications had passed at that time into the 
hands of the enemy, it would be difficult to say what disaster might 
have befallen our arms; but, through all those dark days, when the 




THE HIGHLAND HOUSE, GAUBTSON, N. T. 
G. F. & W. D. Garrison, Proprietors and owners. 

American army literally tracked their way with blood through the snows 
of seven -winters, it seemed as if the matter was entirely in the hands of 
Divine Providence; and that the words of Patrick Henry were everyday 
verified: "There is a just God, who presides over the destinies of na- 
tions. " 

As we have before stated, the station Garrison, on tho Hudson River 
Railroad, is directly opposite West Point, and about half a mile from 
the depot is the Highland House, standing en a magnificent plateau. 

42 



- - - . - L < . J J _ 



r* 



We call attention to the fact that this is not the Highland House near 
Cozzen's, neither is it the little house at the ferry crossing, as unplea- 
sant mistakes have sometimes been made, but " The Highland House," 
about four hundred feet above the river, appropriately named, lying in 
the very centre of the Highlands. Its proprietors are descendants of 
the family who lived here in the time of the Revolution, from whom 
the ferry and landing took their name. The house has been recently 
enlarged to almost double its former capacity. Its location is certainly 




INDIAN FALLS, NEAR HIGHLAND HOUSE, GARRISON, N. T. 

one of the finest along the river. The plateau is inclosed by the North 
Redoubt and South Redoubt Mountains, reaching from Sugar-Loaf and 
Anthony's Nose on the south, to Breakneck on the north. 

Wander where you will, the surrounding mountains abound with 
wild and picturesque glens. Poet, artist, novelist, and historian, all 
who find books in running brooks, continually add their testimony to 
the accumulating evidence. In brief, all who wish to spend a summer 

43 



w-j 



pleasantly and profitably will find tho ^Highland House" — a cut of 
which is hero given — one of the finest family hotels on the Hudson 
River. Its location is picturesque and healthy, on higher ground than 
Vest Poinf, and commanding a full view. The scenery and drives of 
the Highlands are very fine. 

About a mile and a half to tho north, in a picturesque glen, are In- 
dian Falls, well known to artists, and by them made familiar to those 
who never had the opportunity of visiting one of the prettiest littlo 
points of scenery on the Hudson. It is impossible to condense their 
beauty into a single sketch, but wc present the above cut as an index- 
hand pointing the tourist to the real beauty of which any representation 
would be only a shadow. With a book of poems in hand, or a walking 
romance on one's arm, we imagine a summer's day would glide by, 4< as 
golden hours on angel wings." 

The Glen Falls are only half a mile distant; and, added to this 
blended history and beauty, all over this eastern bank there are local 
legends — unclaimed children of history — waiting for their relationship 
to be acknowledged. Surely there is no place where the history of our 
country can be studied with greater interest than among these wild 
fastnesses, where Freedom found protection. 

Constitution Point. — A short distance above West Point Landing 
the steamer turns a right angle. On the east bank, almost opposite, 
known as Constitution Island, lives Miss Susan Warner, author of 
"Queechy" and "The Wide, Wide World," of which latter work 
40,000 copies were sold in the United States. On this point, or island, 
ruins of the old fort are still seen. It was once called Martalaer's 
Rock Island. 

Cold Spuing. — A little to the north, also on east bank, is the village 
of Cold Spring, which received its name very naturally from the fact 
that there was a cold spring in the vicinity. A short distance north of 
the village we see 

Undercliff, the home of the poet Morris, now owned by his son. 
It lies, in fact, under the cliff and shadow of Mount Taurus, and has a 

44 



fine outlook upon the river and surrounding mountains. Standing on 
the piazza, we see diiect]y in front of us Old Cro' Nest; and it was on 
this piazza that the poet wrote 

11 Where Hudson's wave o'er silvery sands 
Winds through the hills alar, 
Old Cro' Nest like a monarch stands, 
Croicned with a single star.'' 




OLD CEO' NEST. 
(From Lossing's "Hudson, from the Wilderness to the Sea.'') 

It is said that Mrs. Morris was the original of that beautiful character 
painted by Washington Irving, in his charming essay, "The Wife." 

Old Ceo' Nest is the first mountain above West Point, and 1418 feet 
high. Its name was given from a circular lake on the summit, suggest- 
ing by its form and solitary location a nest among the mountains, and 

45 



this fancy soon gave a name to the entire mountain. This mountain is 
also intimately associated with poetry, as the scene of Rodman Drake's 
"Culprit Fay":— 

" 'Tib the middle watch of a summer night, 
The earth is dark, but the heavens are bright, 
The moon looks down on Old Cro' Nest — 
She mellows the shade on his shaggy breast, 
And seems his huge grey form to throw 
lu a silver cone on the wave below." 

Stoem King, to the north of Cro' Nest, is the highest peak of the 
Highlands, being 1800 feet above tide water. Its first name was 
Kiinkersberg, afterward called Butter Hill, and christened by Willis 
Storm King. This mountain forms the northern portal of the High- 
lands, on the west side. Breakneck is opposite, on the east side, where 
St. Anthony's Face was blasted away. In this mountain solitude there 
was a shade of reason in giving that solemn countenance of stone the 
name of St. Anthony, as a good representation of monastic life; and, 
by a quiet sarcasm, the full-length nose below was probably thus sug- 
gested. 

The Highlands now trend off to the northeast, and we see the New- 
Beacon, or Grand Sachem Mountain, 1685 feet high, and about half a 
mile to the north, the Old Beacon, 1471 feet in height. These moun- 
tains were used for signal stations during the Ke volution. They 
were called by the Indians the Matteawan, and the whole range of 
Highlands were sometimes referred to as the Wequehachke, or the Hill 
Country. It was also believed by the Indians that, in ancient days, 
''before the Hudson poured its waters from the lakes, the Highlands 
formed one vast prison, within whose rocky bosom the omnipotent 
Manito confined the rebellious spirits who repined at his control. 
Here, bound in adamantine chains, or jammed in rifted pines, or 
crushed by ponderous rocks, they groaned for many an age. At length 
the conquering Hudson, in its career toward the ocean, burst open their 
prison-house, rolling its tide triumphantly through the stupendous 
ruins." An idea quite in accordance with modem science. 

46 






The steamer is now passing close to the base of old Storm King, 
and we get a fine view of this mountain rock, with sides all scarred 
and torn by storms and lightning. Almost before us, to the right, 
we see 

Pollipel's Island, supposed by the Indians to be a supernatural 




UPPER ENTRANCE TO THE HIGHLANDS, FROM CORNWALL LANDING. 

(From Loesing's "Hudson, from the Wilderness to the Sea.") 

spot. The island, however, has a little romance connected with it, 
which is decidedly supernatural Some fair Katrina of the neighbor- 
hood, a great many years ago, was beloved by a farmer's lad. She re- 
ciprocates, but, by coquettish art, was playing the (sad havoc) with 

a youcg minister's affections. One winter evening, minister and Ka- 
- - - ........... . _ 47 



trina v.-cre driving on the ice, near this island. The farmer's con very 
naturally was also driving in the came vicinity. The ice broke, and 
minister and young lady were rescued hj the bold youth. The minister 
discovers that Ivatrina and young Hendrich botli love each other; and 
there, under the moonlight, on that bupernatuial island, with solemn 
ceremony, unites them in bonds of holy matrimony. It ought hence- 
forth and forever to be called the "Lovers' Island." This pleasing 
story presents a strong contrast to the sad fate of a wedding-party at 
the Danskammcr Reel:, to which we shortly refer. Wo arc now ncaring 
the pleasant village of 

CouNWAiij, where the hillsides are crowned with villas and summer 
homes. This is one of the plcasantcst and healthiest places en the 
Hudson. A short distance from the village, en the old road leading 
from Cornwall to Ncwburgh, is situated Idlcwild, where Willis passed 
the last fifteen years of his life; and now, as the steamer leaves Corn- 
wall Landing, we are in the beautiful bay vf 2Teicbicrgh, pronounced by 
many the finest point on the Hudson. 

Newbuugh — settled by the Palatines, 1708. As we approach 2^cv> 
burgh, on the west bank, wo sec the old house known as "Washington's 
Headquarters, already noticed in our analysis of the river. Here arc 
gathered, as we stated in our Guide for 18G9, many relics of the Revo- 
lution: old Hessian boots that were never intended for flight, making 
cither victory or capture inevitable; old swords that have a history 
written in blood; trappings of soldiers, that have losb the glitter and 
the tinsel ; and a piano of most harmonious discord. 

At the time of disbanding the army Congress was negligent in fur- 
nishing supplies or payment; the soldiers wished to make Washington 
the head of a monarchical government; he declined; then an appeal 
was secretly disseminated to officers to form a military despotism. 
Washington was informed of it. He called a meeting of the soldiers, 
on the grounds near the old building, and his first words, before un- 
folding the paper, touched every heart. "You sec, gentlemen," said 
he, as he placed his spectacles before his eyes, "that I have not only 
grown gray but blind in your service." It is needless to say that the 

48 



mutiny was quelled. If the logio of war has not been sufficient to 
answer the old argument of State Rights, it would be well to re-read 
the history of those disjointed days, and see if there were not previous 
to our Constitution sufficient need to "form a more perfect union." 

The city rises in natural terraces, and presents a fine river front. It 
is the eastern terminus of the Newburgh Branch of the Erie Railway. 

Fishktlii Landing. — Opposite Newburgh are the villages of Matte- 
awan and Fishkill; and about one mile to the south, the depot and 
ferry of the Duchess and Columbia Railroad, which connects with the 
Connecticut "Western, and makes a direct eastern route to Hartford and 
Boston. These thriving towns guard the northern portal of the High- 
lands, sixty miles from New York. 




We will close our third division of the Hudson with a few verses 
from a little poem which revives in happy music the ringing of the 
Hudson sleigh-bells, as they once rang out their music under these 
grand old mountains. Our moonlight picture will at once call up to 
every one some little experience of their far-off days. 

HUDSON SLEIGH-BELLS. 



With sweetheart nestled close by our side, 
We were started off for a jolly ride — 

With a sleighing party. 

When we were voung, with nothing to do 
But busy ourselves at trying to woo 
The girl who had stolen our boyish heart; 
The little coquette! how she played her part 
At that sleighing party. 

49 



Away we glide, with mirth and glee, 
Joyous and happy as youth can be. — 
"While the sweet and merry music swells 
From happy hearts and tuneful bells 

Of the sleighing party. 

The snow falls faster !— so she said, 
Tossing her curls and dropping her head 
Till the tinted cheeks were totally hid. 
I couldn't resist— she didn't forbid — 

'Twas a sleighing party. 




WAsUk 



Protect her ! Of course ! 
The snow was blinding, the air was keen; 
As I drew her closer it could not have been 
That the red-ripe lips, so tempting to kiss, 
And those tell-tale eyes meant other than Yes! 

At a sleighing party. 

Didn't I kiss her? 
But why you should laugh I never could tell, 
For I know you boys would have liked it well; 
And as to the girls, they all well knew 
That the unkissed ones were very few 

At that sleighing party. 

"Wo trust that wo will find sympathy among our readers for this sug- 
gestion of star-lit eyes; and, in the summer season, we consider these 
snow-scenes as a species of ice-cream dessert. 

50 



HILLSIDES FOR TWENTY MILES— THE PICTURESQUE. 

"By woody bluff we steal, by leaning lawn, 
By palace, village, cot,— a sweet surprise 
At every turn the vision breaks upon. - ' 

Low Point, or Carthage, is a small village on the east bank, about 
four miles north of Fishkill. It was called by the early inhabitants 
Low Point, as New Hamburgh, two miles to the north, was called High 
Point. Almost opposite Low Point, on the west bank, is a large flat 
rock, covered with cedars, known as the 

Duyveu's Dans Kammek. — Here Hendrich Hudson, in his voyage up 
the river, witnessed an Indian pow-wow — the first recorded fireworks 
in a country which has since delighted in rockets and pyrotechnic dis- 
plays. Here, too, in later years, tradition relates the sad fate of a 
wedding-party. It seems that a Mr. Hans Hansen and a Miss Katrina 
Van Voorman, with a few friends, were returning from Albany, and 
disregarding the old Indian prophecy, were all slain: — 

H For none that visit the Indian's den, 
Return again to the haunts of men ; 
The knife is their doom! O sad is their lot! 
Beware, beware of the blood-stained spot ! " 

Some years ago this spot was also searched for the buried treasures 
of Captain Kidd, and we know of one river pilot who still dreams semi- 
yearly of there finding countless chests of gold. 

Two miles above, on the east side, we pass New Hamburgh, at the 
mouth of Wappinger's Creek. The name Wappinger had its origin 
from Wabun, east, and Acki, land. This tribe held the east bank of 
the river, from Manhattan to Roeliffe Jansen's Creek, which empties 
into the Hudson near Livingston, a few miles south of Catskill Station 
on the Hudson River Railroad. Passing the little villages of Hampton, 
Marlborough, and Milton, on the west bank, and wo seo on the east 
bank, 

5i 



Locust Gbove, residence of the late Prof. S. F. B. Morse, inventor of 
the electric telegraph, who for all time will receive the congratulations 
of every civilized nation, and the whole globe is destined one day to 
speak his language. Yes, the islands of the sea, and the people that 
sit afar off in darkness, are beginning to feel the pulses of the world 
through the "still small voice" whispering beneath ocean and river, 
and across mighty continents, "putting a girdle round the earth in 
forty minutes," like the fairy of Midsummer-N igM s Dream. 

We now see Blue Point, on the west bank; and, in every direction, 
we have the finest views. The scenery seems to stand, in character, 
between the sublimity of the Highlands and the tranquil dreamy 
repose of the Tappan Zee. It is said that under the shadow of these 
hills was the favorite anchorage of 

The Storm Shtp, one of our oldest and therefore most reliable 
legends. The story runs somewhat as follows . Years ago, when New 
York was a \illage — a mere cluster of houses on the point now known 
as the Battery — when the Bowery was the farm of Peter Stuyvesant, 
and the Old Dutch Church on Nassau Street (now used as the post-office) 
was considered the country — when communication with the old world 
was semi-yearly instead of semi-weekly or daily — say one hundred and 
fifty years ago — the whole town one evening was put into great com- 
motion by the fact that a ship was coming up the bay. She approached 
the Battery within hailing distance, and then, sailing against both wind 
and tide, turned aside and passed up the Hudson. Week after week 
and month after month elapsed, but she never returned; and whenever 
a storm came down on Haverstraw Bay or Tappan Zee, it is said that 
she could be seen careening over the waste; and, in the midst of the 
turmoil, you could hear the captain giving orders, in good Low Dutch; 
but when the weather was pleasant, her favorite anchorage was among 
the shadows of the picturesque hills, on the eastern bank, a few miles 
above the Highlands. It was thought by some to be Hendrich Hudson 
and his crew of the "Half Moon," who, it was well known, had once 
run aground in the upper part of the river, seeking a northwest passage 
to China; and people who live in this vicinity still insist that under the 

52 



calm harvest moon and the pleasant nights of September, they see her 
under the bluff of Blue Point, all in deep shadow, save her topsails 
glittering in the moonlight. Perhaps it was this quiet anchorage that 
gave the name to 

Poughkeepsie, Queen City of the Hudson, — derived from the Indian 
word Apokeepsing, signifying safe harbor. Near the landing is a bold 
rock jutting into the river, known as Kaal Rock, signifying barren 
rock; and perhaps this also furnished a safe harbor or landing-place for 
those days of birch canoes. It is said there are over forty different 
ways of spelling Poughkeepsie, and every year the Post-Office Becord 
gives a new one. The first house was built in 1702 by a Mr. Van Kleek; 
and we believe the State Legislature held a session here in 1777 or 1778, 
when New York was held by the British, and Kingston had been burned 
by Vaughn. Ten years later, the State Convention also met here for 
ratification of the Federal Constitution. (For further historical par- 
ticulars see Barber's Historical Collection of New York, or the State 
Records.) The city has a beautiful location, and is justly regarded the 
finest residence city on the river; and it ift not only inidway between 
New York and Albany, but it is also bounded by a historic and poetic 
horizon midway between the Highlands ami the Catskills, commanding 
a view of the mountain portals on the south and the mountain overlook 
on the north — the Gibraltar of Revolutionary fame and the dreamland 
of Rip Van Winkle. The magnificent steamers which ply daily between 
New York and Albany, thirty trains on the best-appointed railroad in 
the country, and fine steamers of home enterprise, make the traveling 
facilities complete. The city has a population of 25,000 inhabitants — 
the largest between the capital and the metrojDolis. In addition to its 
natural beauty, Poughkeepsie is noted throughout our country for re- 
fined society, and as a nucleus of the finest schools in our country. 

Just before the river boats land at Poughkeepsie we see upon our 
right, as we come up the river, a large structure, the "Riverview Mili- 
tary Academy." It crowns a fine eminence looking off toward the 
Highlands on the south, and the Catskills to the north and west. It is 
most thoroughly ventilated, and heated by steam throughout. Water 

53 



is accessible on every floor, and the room of each pupil is pleasant and 
commodious. The views are delightful in every direction, as will be 
seen from the cut here given. Mr. Bisbee has met with the most 
marked success in training boys for business, college, for West Point, 
and other military and naval institutions. In fact, he believes in an 
education which results in force of character — the true aim of all 
education. 




*m* 



mmm 



tte 






: -■'_ 



^v 







RlVKRVIEW Mll.ITAKt ACADEMY. 

A wide-awake thorough-going School for Boys wishing to be trained for Business, for College, or 

for West Point or the Naval Academy. 

OTIS B1SBEE, A. M„ PRINCIPAL AND PROPRIETOR. 

We would also mention "Vassar College" and " Poughkeepsie 
Female Academy," the latter under the rectorship of the Kev. D. G. 
Wright, A.M.' It is located in the central part of the city, and has long 
been distinguished for its thoroughness of instruction and carefulness 
of supervision. The buildings are ample and commodious; the rooms 
large, well ventilated, and furnished with regard to taste, convenience, 

54 




— , i 



and home comfort. The laboratory is furnished with an extensive 
philosophical, chemical, and astronomical apparatus. Pupils are carried 
through a collegiate course, or fitted to enter any class in Vassar College. 
For many years this Academy has ranked among the first in our State 
in educational spirit and progress; and there are few, if any, places 
where young ladies acquire a more healthy mental or moral education, 
a more finished and perfect symmetry in the development of mind and 
heart. We j^resent a cut of the Academy on the opposite page. 

Vassar College, situated two miles from the City Hall, ranks among 
the first educational institutions of our land. It is for young ladies 
what Yale and Harvard are for young men. It was founded by the late 
Matthew Vassar, who has left behind him, in tins stately building and 
generous endowment, " a monument more lasting than brass." We re- 
gret that we have not a cut of the buildings and grounds, and hope to 
secure them another season. 

Near the river landing we see the extensive manufactory of Adriance, 
Piatt, & Co. In 1857 and 1858 this firm commenced the manufacture 
and sale of the Buckeye Mower at Poughkeepsie, with salesroom in 
New York. The business has increased and enlarged in their hands 
materially, and they have attained such excellence in the manufacture 
of their machines that their reputation is woi Id-wide. Twelve years 
have sufficed to extend the sale of the Buckeye from twenty-five ma- 
chines to 30,000 in a single season. Surely the old chariots of war have 
become chariots of peace. 

The fine park, grounds and terrace buildings of Mayor Eastman 
are a fine feature of the city. The new terrace building is, taken with 
the entire surroundings, the finest on the Hudson, or any other river 
in the world. He has been a live man in the city, and has always stood 
in the front rank of enterprise. His grounds are always open to the 
public. * The houses of his Terrace Block are now completed, and can 
be purchased for what the rent of an ordinary house in the city of New 
York would cost for only three or four years. His Business College, 
referred to in another place, is a very successful institution, and its 
reputation reaches, like the Pacific Railroad, from New York to San 

56 



■o 
O 

c 
O 

I 

m 
m 

13 
CO 

m 

■n 

m 

> 
m 

> 
O 

> 
o 







' " 



Francisco In fact, wo know of no city that hao been go thorouglily 
advertised as Poughkeepsic, -through its various institutions and suc- 
cessful enterprise. 

The " Morgan House," a cut of which is here given, is a fine hotel, 
situated in the central part of the city, corner of Main and Catherine 




MOEGAN HOUSE, POUGHKEEPSIE, N. X. 
L. S. Putnam, Proprietor. 

Streets. Carriages meet the boats and cars. The horse-cars also pass 
the door. It is considered the finest city hotel between New York and 
Albany. L. S. Putnam, Proprietor. 

The Memorial Fountain, " To the Patriot Dead of Duchess County," 
is probably the finest in the State; the Collingwood Opera-House is an 

53 



elegant music-hall capable of seating twenty-two hundred people; the 
Insane Asylum is a magnificent structure; and the drives are charm- 
ing in every direction. In fact, it would be an easy matter to write a 
work on Poughkeepsie alone; and we would like to write fifteen cr 
twenty pages on the 

Poughkeepsie and Eastern Railroad, which forms a direct route 
across the county, connecting the pleasant valley of the Harlem and the 
Housatonic with the Hudson. We would suggest, as one of the finest 
little trips out of New York, the day boat to Poughkeepsie; spend a day 
in the city; take the Poughkeepsie and Eastern Railroad to Millerton; 
run up to Bash-Bish Falls, near Copake, or down the Harlem to the 
Dover Stono Church, to Lake Mahopac, and so to New York, — making 
the whole trip in three days. This route also, in connection with the 
Connecticut Western, opens up a direct way to Hartford and Boston. 
We would also like to speak of the enterprise of the city in supplying 
pure water from the Hudson; and the coming bridge, connecting the 
east with the coal-fields of Pennsylvania. 

As the steamer leaves Poughkeepsie, we see New Paltz Landing, al- 
most opposite, and Hyde Park, on east bank, six miles above Pough- 
keepsie. Then Staatsburgh Station, on tbc cast side; and then Rhine- 
beck, ninety miles from New York. Rondout, or City of Kingston, is 
directly opposite, at the mouth of Rondout Creek. This is the eastern 
end of the Delaware and Hudson Canal. Rhinebeek is two miles from 
Rhinecliff Landing, and is one of the finest towns in Duchess County. 
It was named, as some say, by combining two words — Beekman and 
Rhine. Others sav that the word beek means cliff, and the town was so 
named from the resemblance of the cliffs to those of the Rhine. 

Rondout had its derivation from the redoubt that was built on the 
banks of the creek. The creek took the name of Redoubt Kill, after- 
ward Rundout, and then Rondout. The old town of Kingston was 
once called Esopus, on Esopus Creek, which flows north and empties 
into the Hudson at Saugerties. 

The New York, Kingston, and Syracuse Railroad has its eastern 
terminus at Rondout. It passes west through Kingston, West Hurley, 

59 



Sliokan, Big Indian, crosses the Catskill Mountains to Dean's Corners, 
and so o Stamford. It runs through a romantic country, and the trip 
over the mountains is very fine. At West Hurley, only nine miles 
from Bondout, stages connect for the Overlook Mountain House, a fine 
hotel 3,800 feet above the river. The hotel is two hundred feet long, 




OVERLOOK MOUNTAIN HOUSE. 
J. E. Lasher, Proprietor. 

Ninety miles from New York, sixty miles from Albany. 

and three stories high, commanding a valley view of more than a hun- 
dred miles,— while mountains without number rise on every hand, the 
named and the nameless, from High Point in the southwest to Mount 
Holyoke in the east. 



60 



L 



THE CATSKILLS— BEAUTY. 

" And soon the Catskills print the distant sky, 

And o'er their airy tops the faint clouds driven, 
80 softly blending that the cheated eye 
Now questions which is earth or which is heaven." 

We have now approached the fifth division of our river, guarded by 
the most classic range of mountains in our country. By a natural 
ascendancy they have many counties of the Hudson under their juris- 
diction — Ulster, Greene, and Albany, on the west bank; raid Duchess, 
Columbia, and Rensselaer, on the east. 

The first place above RhinecIifT, our last landing, is the village of 
Barextown, on the east bank, ninety-six miles from Now York. It is 
said, when Jackson was President, and this village wanted a post-office, 
that he would not allow it under the name of Barry town, from personal 
dislike to General Barry, and suggested another name. But the people 
were loyal to their old friend, and went without a post-oi"ce until a new 
administration. The name Barrytown, therefore, stands as a monu- 
ment to pluck. The place is known among the old settlers as Lower 
Red Hook Landing. 

Trvou, one hundred miles from New York, is the only name on our 
river that ought to be printed in old-style Roman letters, for it carries 
us back to the days of the Seven-Hilled City, and ono of the famous 
watering-places of the days of Horace. We have sometimes thought 
it received its name from a little waterfall near tho landing and its gen- 
eral romantic surroundings. One of the mansions of the old Livingston 
family is near the village. Saugerties lies directly opposite. 

Geemantown, 105 miles from New York, is on the east side. A short 
distance above, the Roeliffe Jansens Kill flows into the Hudson. This 
stream, called by the Indians the Sankpenak, was the boundary between 
the Wappingers on the south and the Mohegans on the north. Near 
its mouth is the old Claremont estate — the original Livingston manor. 
Here Fulton's project found special favor, and he was materially aided 
by the sympathy and generosity of Cnancellor Livingston. The first 
steamboat on the Hudson made its first trip the early part of September, 

61 



1807, and was called the "Claremont," as a testimonial of gratitude. 
The trip from New York to Albany, in those "good old days," took 
about forty hours (vide Lossing's "Wilderness to the Sea.") 

Catsklll Landing is just above the mouth of the Catskill, or Kau- 
terskill Creek. It is said that the creek and mountains took their name 
from the following fact. It is known that each tribe had a iotemic 
emblem, or rude banner: the Mohegans had the wolf as their emblem, 
and some say, that the word Mohegan means the enchanted wolf. 
(The Lenni Lenapes, or Dela wares, at the Highlands, had the turkey 
as their totem.) Catskill was the southern boundary of the Mohegans 
on the west bank, and here they set up their emblem. It is said, from 
this fact the stream took the name of the KaatLTs-kill. The large cat 
and wolf were at .least similar in appearance, from the mark of King 
Aepgin in his deed to Van Rensselaer. Perhaps, however, the moun- 
tains at one time abounded in these animals, and the emblem may be 
only a coincidence. 

Prospect Park Hotel. — The first thing that attracts 6r»r attention 
as the steamer nears the landing, is a fine hotel, well known to the 
public through a cuccessful three years' administration — the Prospect 
Park Hotel: Jno. Breasted, Proprietor. This plateau, two hundred 
and fifty feet above the river, is appropriately named; for, as you sit on 
the broad piazza which almost surrounds the hotel, you can see to the 
south, the valley of the Hudson for thirty miles — the "Man in the 
Mountain," and the whole range of the Catskills; to the north and 
northeast, the Green Mountains of Vermont, and whichever way you 
look, it seems as if the river lay at your feet. The grounds are seven- 
teen acres in extent, and arc well adapted to the chief design. Guests 
can find either shade, sunshine, or quiet. It was first opened in 1870, 
and within these three years the proprietor has been compelled to en- 
large it to more than double its former capacity. The main building is 
now two hundred and fifty feet front, with wing ono hundred and fifty 
feet by forty. There are three hundred and seventy feet of two-storied 
piazza, sixteen feet wide, supported by Corinthian pillars twenty-five 
feet high. We think it is safe to say that it is the most airy and cheer- 

62 







■ 

■A *>'•!! ■ • ;' - 



■ 

', VI ill ■'(■< II--"" . . ' 



SSb 















Mil! 1 



; ,- ■ ,,'• . yd ; • 



Ill 



.n.'!!:;:ji 



fi:l hotel on tlio river bank between New York and Albany. Like 
Aladdin's Palace it sprung up all at once, white and beautiful, and gave 
life as it were, to the whole landscape. It is one of the few hotels that 
had the good fortune to become prominent all at once; and this popu- 
larity was not accidental, but owing to many causes: its fine location — 
its enchanting views — its splendid management. Moreover, the fresh 
bracing air from the Catsk.lls makes Catskill one of the pleasantest 
places to spend the heat of the sammer, or the noontide of the year; 




IBVING HOUSE. 
H. A. Person, Proprietor. 

and, indeed, a summer tour is not complete unless we pay Catskill 
a visit. Prospect Park stages and carriages meet passengers at the 
landing. 

Catskill Village.— The old village, with its Main Street, lies along 
the valley of the Catskill Creek, not quite a mile from the Causeway 
Landing, and preserves some of the features of the clays when Knicker- 
bocker was accustomed to pay it an annual visit. Its location seems to 

64 



f , , 

have been chosen as a place of security — out of sight to one voyaging 
up the river. It has, however, grown rapidly during the last few years, 
and the northern slope is covered with fine residences, all of which 
command extensive views of the Hudson. A new hotel, long needed 
in the business part of the village, was built on Main Street in 1871. 
It was appropriately christened the "Irving House," as Catskill owes 
a large part of its j>resent popularity — probably more than it imagines 
— to the pen of "Washington Irving. It is fitted up with all the conve- 
veniences of a first-class hotel, and is kept open during the whole year. 

Catskill Mountain House. — For miles up and down the river, and 
from almost any point in the six counties wc have mentioned as under 
the jurisdiction of the Catskills, wc can sec the "Mountain House," 
three thousand feet above the river, like a bit of snow left on the moun- 
tains. This hotel is only ten or eleven miles from the landing, and the 
ride from tho village is pleasant and romantic. This hotel has been for 
years the favorite summer resort on the river, and its popularity is con- 
tinually on the increase. No European traveler ever thinks of leaving it 
unvisited. The Catskills and Niagara Falls are two points known every- 
where. 

These mountains are, indeed, the glory of tho Hudson, and have 
been poetically termed, "tho ever-changing legendary Kaatsbergs. " 
They were called by the Indians the Onti-o-ras, or Mountains of the 
Sky, as they sometimes seem like clouds along the horizon. This range 
of mountains was supposed by the Indians to have been originally a 
monster who devoured all the children of tho Ked Men, and that tho 
Great Spirit touched him when he was going down to the salt lake to 
bathe, and here he remains. "Two little lakes upon tho summit were 
regarded as tho eyes of the monster, and these arc 0])en all the summer; 
but in the winter they are covered with a thick crust or heavy film; but 
whether sleeping or waking, tears always trickle down his cheeks. 
Here, according to Indian belief, was kept the great treasury of 
storm and sunshine, presided over by an old squaw spirit who 
dwelt on the highest peak of the mountains. She kept day and 
night shut up in her wigwam, letting out only one at a time. She 

65 



manufactured new moons every month, cutting up the old ones into stars, 
and, like tho old iEolus of mythology, shut the winds up in the caverns 
of the hills." A morning view from this cliff will be remembered a life- 
time ; at least we remember, as if it were yesterday, a July morning three 
years ago. We rose at 3.30, at least an liour before 

"Night murmured to the morning, — 
Lie still, oh! Jove, lie still." 

Patiently we waited the sun's advent, and as the rosy dawn announced 
the morning coming with "looks all vernal and with cheeks all bloom," 
the windows of the Mountain House, one after another, began to reveal 
undreamed visions of loveliness, and it were really difficult to tell which 
had the deeper interest, the sun's rising in the east, or the daughters 
in tho west. The rosy clouds of the one, the tender blushes of the 
other; the opening eyelids of the morning, or the opening eyelids of 
innocence ; the bright ambrosial locks hanging far and wide along 
the deep blue chiseled mountain side, or the uncombed ripples which, 
like mountain streams receiving additions from other sources, w r ould 
probably become beautiful waterfalls. In four minutes more by solar 
time, and the sun would sprinkle the golden dust of light over the valley 
of the Hudson. The East was all aglow, and, as we stood musing the fire 
burned, yes, brighter and brighter, as if the distant hills were an altar, 
and a sacrifice was being offered up to the God of Day. It truly reminded 
one of an Oriental dry-goods store, with costly goods in the show-win- 
dows running opposition to the muslin and dimity-filled window-cases 
in tho west. 

Cities and villages below us sprang into being, and misty shapes rose 
from the valley, as if Day had rolled back the stone from the Sepulcher 
of Night, and it was rising transfigured to Heaven. Adown and up the 
river for the distanco of sixty miles, sloops and schooners drifted lazily 
along, while below us the little 

« ferry-boats plied 
Like slow shuttles through the sunny warp 
Of threaded silver from a thousand brooks." 

Truly the Catskills were a fitting place for tho artist Cole to gather 
inspiration to complete that beautiful series of paintings, "The Voyage 

66 



of Life," for no finer mountains in all tho world overlook a finer river. 
Irving, in writing of his first voyage up the Hudson, " in the good old times 
before steamboats and railroads had annihilated timo and space, and driven 
all poetry and romance out of travel," says: "But of all the scenery 
of the Hudson the Kaatskill Mountains had the most witching effect on 
my boyish imagination. Never shall I forget the effect upon mo of the 
first view of them, predominating over a wide extent of country, — part 
wild, woody, and rugged, part softened away into all the graces of cul- 
tivation. As wo slowly floated along I lay on tho deck and watched 
them through a long summer's day ; undergoing a thousand mutations 
under tho magical effects of atmosphere; sometimes seeming to ap- 
proach ; at. other times to recede ; now almost melting into hazy distance, 
now burnished by the sotting sun, until in the evening they printed 
themselves against the glowing sky in tho deep purple of an Italian 
landscape." On proceeding page wo presented a cu»t of tho Mountain 
House, furnished by Mr. C. L. Beach, proprietor. This favorite summer 
resort, so justly celebrated for its grand scenery and healthful atmos- 
phere, will be open from June 1st to October 1st. Ready access may bo 
had at all times by Mr. Beach's stages connecting at tho village of Cats- 
hill with the Hudson River steamboats and tho trains on the Hudson 
River Railroad. Two miles from the hotel arc tho Kaatcrskill Falls. 
The waters fall perpendicularly 175 feet, and afterward 85 feet more. 
A sort of amphitheater behind the cascade is the scene of one of Bryant's 

finest poems : — 

,; From greens nnd shades where tho Catterskill leaps 
From cliffs whero tho wood flowors cling;" 

and wc recall the lines which express so beautifully tho well-nigh fatal 

dream : — 

" Of that dreaming ono 

By the base of that icy steep 

When over his stiffening limbs begun 

The deadly slumbers of frost to creep. 
* ••.■> « ■> 

Thero pass the chasers of seal and whalo, 

With heir weapons quaint and grim, 
And bands of warriors in glittering mail, 

And herdsmen and hunters huge oflimb, 
There are naked arms with bow and spear 

And furry gauntlets tho carbino rear. 

68 



About half-way up the mountain is the place said to be the dream- 
land of Rip Van Winkle — the greatest character of American Mythology, 
more real than the heroes of Homer or the massive gods oi Olympus. 
And our age has reason to congratulate itself on the jiossession of Joseph 
Jefferson and John Rogers, who on the stage and in the studio have 
illustrated to the life this master-piece of Irving. 

The cut here given repesents Rip Van Winkle at home, the favorite 




of the village children. You will remember Irving says, "the children 
of the village would shout with joy whenever he approached, he assisted 
at their sports, made them playthings, taught them to fly kites and 
shoot marbles, and told them long stories of ghosts, witches and 
Indians. Whenever he went dodging about the village he was sur- 
rounded by a troop of them hanging on his skirts, clambering on his 
back and playing a thousand tricks on him with impunity." Two 
others complete the group, Rip Van Winkle on the mountains, and 
Rip Van Winkle returned. As will be seen above, the figure of Rip was 

69 



modelled from Mr. Jefferson, who sat for his likeness. And as we turn 
away from the Catskills, with their visions of beauty and reality of fic- 
tion, we can only say, don't fail to hear the great actor when opportu- 
nity occurs, don't fail to read again the story of Irving, and don't 
fail to have the finest group of statuary in the world, — price twelve 
dollars each. 

These, with the courtship of Ichabod and Katrina, give an artistic 
delineation of the comic-tragedy and the tragic-comedy of the Hudson. 
A stamp enclosed to John Rogers, 212 Fifth Avenue, will procure a fino 
illustrated catalogue and price-list. 

Catskill was for many years the homo of Cole, the artist; and the 
new residence of Church will be seen almost opposite, on the east 
bank. 

At Wanton Island, near Catskill, it is said the last Indian battle was 
fought upon the river, between the Mohawks and the Mohegans. 

Hudson, six miles north of Catskill, was founded in the year 1784, 
by thirty persons from Providence, R. I. It is a city of ten thousand 
inhabitants, and has the finest court-house and grounds on the river. 
"We believe it is also the only city that has a fine promenade park over- 
looking the Hudson. It has long enjoyed the reputation of hospitality, 
and strangers always receive a kindly welcome. This is the western 
terminus of the Hudson and Boston Railroad, one of the oldest rail- 
roads in the country. At Chatham Village it connects with the Boston 
and Albany, the Harlem, and the Harlem Extension. 

Lebanon Spbings. — The day-line of steamers makes one of the finest 
routes to the pojmlar summer resort, of Lebanon Springs, and one of 
the pleasantest round trips that can be made from New York, to wit: 
Take the " Vibbard" or "Daniel Drew" to Hudson, 115 miles; cars to 
Chatham, 20 miles; connecting with Harlem Extension Railroad for 
Lebanon Springs, 15 miles. In this way we enjoy a pleasant sail up the 
river, and arrive at the Springs in the afternoon. Stay at Columbia 
Hall as long as you can; visit the Shakers; and then return to New 
York via Harlem Railroad, visiting Bash-Bish Falls (six miles from 
Hillsdale, one mile from Copake) ; also Stone Church at Dover Plains, 
and Lake Mahopac. The trip can he easily made in three or four days. 

70 



Columbia Hall, Daniel Gale Proprietor, has a charming loca- 
tion, and looks down from its hillside upon that beautiful valley which 
reminded Henry Vincent of the scenery of Llangollen, in Wales. 

Athens, directly opposite Hudson, is suggestive of at least one thing, 
that we have names on the Hudson of all complexions — Troy, Athens, 
Tivoli, and Carthage, "mixed up" with English, Dutch, and Indian 
names of every dialect. An old Mohegan village, known as Potick, was 
located west of Athens. 

After leaving Hudson we pass Stockport on the east side, and Cox- 
sackie on tliQ west (name derived from an Indian word signifying cut 
banks; others say Cooks-ockay, owl-hooting; and others from Kaak-aki, 
a place of geese). 

Stuyvesant, ten miles north of Hudson, on the east bank, was once 
known as Kinderhook Point, or Landing, and took its name from an 
old Swedish family with numerous progeny, that once lived on a point 
half a mile above the landing — Kinder-hook signifying Children's Cor- 
ner, or Point. The village of Kinderhook is the finest in Columbia 
County, five miles from the landing. Lindenwold, the home of Martin 
Yan Buren, is about two miles from the village. Columbia is one of 
the few counties in our republic that can boast a President of the 
United States. 

The villages of New Baltimore and Coeymans arc on the west bank. 
Schodack Landing and Castleton on the east. In digging for tho foun- 
dation of a house at Coey man's, in the winter of 1872, it is said that 
ruins of the old castlo were discovered, where Anthony Van Corlear 
blew his trumpet in vain, and carried back certain signs to the good 
X^eoplo of New Amsterdam, strange to behold (see Irving's Knicker- 
bocker). 

Schodack. — The township of Schodack is one of the oldest and 
pleasantest in the County of Rensselaer, and was tho head-centre or 
capital of the Mohegan tribe. It has its origin in the word Schoti, sig- 
nifying fire; and ack, place; or the place of tho over-burning council- 
fire of the Mohegan tribe. Hero King Acpgin, the 8th of April, 
1GS0, sold to Van Rensselaer " all that tract of country on the west side 
of the Hudson, extending from Beeren Island up to Smack's Island, 
and in breadth two day's journey." 72 



The Mohegan Tribe originally oocupied all the east bank of the 
Hudson north of Eoeliffe Jansen's Kill, near Germantown, to the head 
waters of the Hudson; and, on the west bank, from Cohoes to Catskill. 
The town of Schoclack was central, and a signal displayed from tho hills 
near CastJeton could be seen for thirty miles in every direction. After 
the Mohegans left the Hudson, they went to Westenhook, or Housa- 
tonic, to the hills south of Stockbridge; and then, on invitation of the 
Oneidas, removed to Oneida County, 1785, where they lived until 1821, 
when, with other Indians of New York, they purchased a tract of land 
near Fox Biver, Minnesota. 

The Mourder's Kill flows into the Hudson just above Castleton. The 
Norman's KilJ flows into the Hudson a few miles above, on the west 
side. It was called by the Indians the Tawasentka, or " place of many 
dead." We are now in sight of Albany, and our summer day is drawing 
to a close. 

AiiBANY is a city of about eighty thousand inhabitants, and one of 
the most flourishing in the State. Its prosperity is due to, at least, 
three causes. First, the capita] was removed from New York to Albany 
in 1798. Then followed two great enterprises, ridiculed at the time by 
every one as the Fulton Folly and Clinton's Bitch; in other words, steam 
navigation, 1807, and the Erie Canal, 1825. Tourists and travelers will 
find interest in visiting the old and new Capitol, the State Hall, the 
City Hall, and the Dudley Observatory, to the north of the city; and, 
during their stay, they will find tho best care and attention at the 
" Delavan House." This hotel is complete in all its appointments, and 
is known everywhere as one of the best in the State. 

The Albany Cathedral is also a grand structure, and will well repay 
a visit. The iron fence about it was made at the Albany Iron and Ma- 
chine Works (H. C. Haskell, Proprietor), and is probably the finest 
work of its kind in the United States. The railing, also, on the new 
bridge across the Hudson at Albany, is of their manufacture, to which 
we call the respectful attention of all who have a taste for art and 
beauty, in this "age of iron." During the past winter he completed 
one of his fine engines for the Government Printing House in Wash- 
ington, and it is pronounced the most effective in our country. He has 

73 



recently erected a new building near the steamboat landing and the 
depot of the Albany and Susquehanna Railroad, four stories high, fifty 
feet by sixty, -which increases his facilities for doing with promptness 
and despatch his continually increasing business. 

The site of Albany was called by the Indians Shaunaugh-ta-da, or 
the Pine Plains, a name which we still sec in Schenectada. From an 
old book in the State Library, we conden&e the following description, 




DEL A VAN HOUSE. 



Chaeles E. Leland & Co., Proprietors. 



presenting quite a contrast to its modern business activity. "Albany 
lay stretched along the banks of the Hudson, on one very wide and long 
street, parallel to the Hudson. The space between the street and the 
river-bank was occupied by gardens. A small but steep hill rose above 
the centre of the town, on wh'ch stood a fort. The wide street leading 
to the fort (now State Street) had a Market Place, Guard-House, Town 
Hall, and an English and Dutch Church, in the centre." 

74 



It is also said tliat Albany existed one hundred years without a law- 
yer, even as Home five hundred without a physician. Its name, as wo 
said before, was given in honor of the Duke of Albany, although it is 
still claimed by some of the oldest inhabitants, that, in tho golden age 
of those far-off times, when the good old burghers used to ask for tho 
welfare of their neighbors, the answer was always "All bonnic," and 
henco the name of the hill-crowned city. 

And now, while waiting to "throw out the plank," which puts a 
period to our Hudson River Division, wo feel like congratulating our- 
selves that the various goblins which once infested the river have be- 
come civilized, that the winds and tides have boen conquered, and that 
the nine-day voyage of Hendrich Hudson and tho "Half Moon" has 
been reduced to the nine-hour system of tho "Vibbard" and tho 
"Drew." 

Those who have traveled over Europe will certainly appreciate tho 
quiet luxury of an American steamer; and this first introduction to 
American scenery will always charm the tourist from other lands. 
Three years ago it was my privilege to visit some of the rivers and lakes 
of tho old world, well known in song and story, but I imagine that no 
single day's journey in any land or on any stream can present such vari- 
ety, interest, and beauty, as tho trip of one hundred and foity-four miles 
from New York to Albany. The Hudson is indeed a goodly. volume, 
with its broad covers of green lying open on cither side; and it might 
in truth be called a condenspd history, for there is no j>laco in our 
country where poetry and romance are so strangely blended with tho 
heroic and the historic; — no river where the waves of different civiliza- 
tions have left so many waifs upon tho banks. It is classic ground, 
from tho " wilderness to tho sea," and will always bo 

THE POETS' CORNER OF OUR COUNTRY; 

the home of Irving, Willis, and Morris, — of Fulton, Morse, and Field, 
— of Cole, Audubon, and Church,— -and scores besides, whosG names 
aro Household Words. 

75 



One of the interesting features of Albany is the celebrated Clothing 
House of Davis & Co. No one should leave the city without paying it 




rstteuso/t 



a visit. If tourists want anything in their line, they will be honorably 
dealt by. We can recommend the Establishment in every particular. 

76 



DELAWARE AND HUDSON CANAL COMPANY. 

Albany and Susquehanna Depaetment. — There are few railroads in 
our country that possess for so many miles such variety 8nd interest as 
the Albany and Susquehanna. All the way from Albany to Bingham ton 
the hills and valleys, the streams, rivulets, and rivers form a succession 
of beautiful landscapes, framed in the moving panorama of a car window. 
The railroad follows the valleys of three streams — the Schoharie, the 
Cobleskill, and the Susquehanna. 

Leaving Albany we pass through the little villages and stations of 
Adamsville, Slingerlands, New Scotland, Guilderland, Knowersville, 
Duanesburgh, Quaker Street, Esperance, and come to Central Bridge, 
thirty-six miles from Albany, the junction with the branch road for 
Schoharie Court-House and Middleburgh. Schoharie village, the county 
seat, is situated on Schoharie Flats. First settlement made in 1711. 
Population about fifteen hundred. The old stone church, erected in 
1772, is now used as an arsenal. Three miles from Central Bridge, or 
thirty-nine miles from Albany, is the celebrated 

Howe's Cave, discovered on the 22d May, 1842, by Lester Howe. 
In interest and extent it is second only to the great Mammoth Cave of 
Kentucky, and presents, in truth, a new world of beauty, with arches 
and walls reaching away for miles, of which perhaps the half is only 
discovered. Among the prominent points of interest in the cave are 
the following, as named by Mr. Howe: — 

"Reception, or Lecture Eoom," "Washington Hall," "Bridal 
Chamber," (temperature 48 deg. Fah.), where many have been nup- 
tually tied, including the two daughters of the discoverer; "The 
Chapel," some forty feet high; "Harlequin Tunnel," " Cataract Hall," 
" Ghost Eoom, or Haunted Castle," "Music Hall," " Stygian, or Crystal 
Lake." At the foot of the lake there are several gas-burners, giving 
the visitor a beautiful view of that portion of the cave and lake, and the 
side grotto near by. From thence visitors proceed by boats across the 

77 



lake to "Plymouth Bock," and from thence continue the journey to 
the " Devil's Gateway," " The Museum," " Geological Booms," "Uncle 
Tom's Cabin," " Giants' Study," " Pirates' Cave," " Bocky Mountains," 
1 ' Valley of Jehosophat, " ' « Winding Way, " and ' < Botunda. " There are 
the usual formations, known as "Stalagmites " and " Stalactites," many 
of them singular in form and variety. In Washington Hall arc two, 
named "Lady Washington's Hood "and " Washington's Epaulet;" and 
beyond these are "The Harp," and numberless others. At the head 
and foot of the lake there are two large stalagmites, the former large 
enough to fill the entire body of the cave, which has made it necessary 
to excavate an artificial passage around it. These are among the most 
wonderful formations in the cave, and of particular interest to the geo- 
logical and scientific student. 

We are only able to mark out the route in this hasty manner. To 
sjisak of all the objaefcs of interest would draw us aside from the pur- 
pose of a general guide. The "Cave House" is a fine hotel, recently 
erected at the mouth of the cave, and the wants of the tourist and ex- 
plorer will be carefully attended to. Every one should visit Howe's 
Cave, and sec these real Arabian Night beauties, so near the capital of 
the Empire State. 

The next station is Cobleskill, forty-five miles from Albany. This 
rich and fertile valley was called by the Indians Ots-ga-ra-ga. The 
village is thriving and flourishing. Smith'3 "National Hotel" is one 
of the best on the route, and decidedly the best in the place. This is 
a 7 SD the junction of the Cherry Valley Branch, which passes through 
Hyndsville, Seward, and Sharon Springs. 

Sharon Springs is one of the oldest and most satisfactory summer 
resorts. The village is splendidly located — as we said years ago, on 
our first visit — in a valley on a hill. The streets arc well shaded. There 
are nine large hotels, always full. One of the pleasantcsb of these — in 
location and every point of comfort — is the " Union," a cut of which is 
here given. The cool and shaded verandahs, the large and well-fur- 

73 



nished rooms, and every luxury in its season, combine to make it a 
pleasant place to spend a summer season. 

The picturesque scenery of Sharon and environs, and the beautiful 
X^ark promenades and drives, have made this summer resort one of the 
most frequented in the United States. The Sulphur, Magnesia, and 
Chalybeate Springs have a fine reputation for the cure of cutaneous 
diseases. Since the completion of the Branch Railroad from CoblesklU 
it is very easy of access, — only two hours from Albany via the pleasant 
drawing-room coaches of the Albany and Susquehanna Department. 




UNION HOUSE, SHARON SPRINGS, N. Y. 

Chable3 Schwarz, Proprietor. 

Cherry Valley.— The next station to Sharon is Cherry Valley, a 
pleasant town in tho northeast corner of Otsego County; a-nd from this 
point a stage-lino connects with Richfield Springs, and its. long-estab- 
lished and popular hotel, the "American House." Returning to 
Cobleskill we pursue our route westward on the main line of tho Albany 
and Susquehanna; and we pass through Richmondvillc, lying in a val- 
ley on our left; then East Worcester, Worcester, Schenevus, and Mary- 
land, to the junction of the Cooperstown and Susquehanna Valley 
Railroad for Portlandsville, Milford, Clinton, Phoenix, and 

Cooperstown, one of the pleasantest villages in New York, and one 

79 



1 



of the classic points of our country. It is situated on the shore of 
Otsego, a beautiful lake, worthy of being the fountain-head of the 
bright flowing Susquehanna. Every one who has read "The Deer- 
slayer " or " The Pioneer " knows something of its beauty. The name 
Otsego signifies "friendly greeting," from tbe fact that a small rock 
near the shore was a rendezvous where the tribes were wont to assemble; 
and its name is still significant to the tourist and traveler, for the 
" Cooper House " is indeed a place of "friendly greeting," and has for 
its motto the old Scotch proverb, "Welcome the coming, and speed the 




COOPEB HOUSE, COOPEKSTOWN, ST. T. 

(Foot of Otsego Lake.) 
Coleman & Maxwell, Proprietors. 



parting." In the hands of its present popular proprietors — William B. 
Coleman, of the "New York Hotel." and Albert Maxwell, late superin- 
tendent of the "Union Club," — it has won the first position as a place 
of summer resort. The hotel is, in every particular, one of the fine^L 
and best-furnished in the United States. It r.tands on the highest 
ground in the village— SO feet above the lake, 1200 feet above the sea— 
and is surrounded by a fine park of over seven acres, handsomely 
planted with shade-trees; and with croquet, ball, and archery grounds 

80 



within the inclosnre. The internal arrangements of the house are com- 
plete with .all the modern improvements, including bells, gas in every 
room, hot and cold baths, &c. 

There are also desirable cottages, containing six, twelve, and twenty- 
two rooms each. 

The surroundings of Cooperstown are delightful in every particular, 
and there are fine drives in every direction. Mount Visiou, a little to 
the north, overlooks the village; and still further to the north is Pros- 
pect Cliff. Otsego Lake, like Lake Mahopac, is literally surrounded 
with beauty ; and, like Irvington or Tarrytown, Cooperstown is one of 
the literary Mcccas of our country. It is the place to read the works 
of Cooper; for, in reading them, we are here surrounded by the same 
inspiration which produced them. In his * ; Deerslayer " we ha\c the 
finest description of the lake and surrounding hills. " On a level with 
the point lay a broad sheet of water, so placid and limpid that it re- 
sembled a bed of the pure mountain atmosphere comjoresscd into a setting 
of hills and woods . At its northern or nearest end it was bounded bv 
an isolated mountain; lower land falling off cast and west, gracefully 
relieving the sweep of the outline; still the character of the country 
was mountainous; high hills or low mountains rising abruptly from the 
water on quite nine-tenths of its circuit. But the most striking pecu- 
liarity of the scene were its solemn solitndc and sweet repose. On all 
sides, wherever the eye turned, nothing met it but the mirror-like sur- 
face of the lake, the placid view of heaven, and the dense totting of 
woods. So rich and fleecy were the outlines of the forest, that the 
whole visible earth, from the rounded mountain-top to the water's edge 
presented one unvaried hue of unbroken verdure. " The same points 
still exist which "Leather Stocking " then saw. There is the same 
beauty of verduro along the hills, and the sun still glints as brightly as 
then the ripples of the clear water. There arc some things that arc 
constant even upon earth, and surely the unchanging stars should have 
a changeless mirror! Cooper himself says in the preface, "Even the 
points exist, a little altered by civilization, but so nearly answering to 
the description as to be easily recognized by all who arc familiar with 
the scenery of this j)articular region." 

81 



The Cemetery, -we venture to say, has a finer location than any in 
the State; and Natty Bumppo looks down from his marble shaft upon 
the blight "Glimmerglass" which recalls his memory. The new 
steamboat, also named after the great hunter, will run three times a 
day during the season, touching at Three-Mile Point, Five-Mile Point, 
and Springfield Landing, connecting with a new line of stages at the 
head of the lake for Richfield Springs. There will also be frequent 
pleasure-trijjs around the lake. 

Cooperstown is within four hours from Albany or Binghamton by 
rail, and there is communication twice each way daily. Omnibuses 
will run regularly from the " Cooper House," to and from the steamer 
and favorite prospects. In the central part of the village is a pleasant 
hotel styled the "Central House," W. C. Keyes & Son, proprietors. It is 
kept open summer and winter, and justly deserves the fine reputation 
it has obtained among persons traveling, either on business or pleasure. 
In addition to the natural beauty of this county seat of Otsego, we must 
not overlook the following enterprise of the citizens. The business 
men of Cooperstown, being desirous to attract manufactories or any 
producing enterprises which will add to its population and trade, offer 
through a committee of the ' ' Improvement Society," to give a suitable 
lot or building site to any responsible parties who will conduct such 
business there. Further aid in the way of capital, residences, &c, 
would also be given where the undertaking justified or required it. 
Desirable homestead lots can also be obtained on or near the lake or 
river at very low prices. 

The last census returns show Cooperstown to be one of the most 
healthful localities in the State, as well as being highly favored in its 
public school, library, and reading-room, and other educational facilities. 

There are many elegant residences in the village. The house and 
grounds of Edward Clark are noted throughout the State. For fuller 
particulars in reference to the historic interest and living poetry of 
Cooperstown we call your attention to a descriptive essay by Barry 
Gray, entitled " The home of Cooper, and the haunts of Leather- 
stocking;" and while you are waiting to take a pleasant lake trip to 
another watering-place near at hand, we will quote a sentence from 

82 



Mr. Seward's address at Cherry Valley, July 4th, 1840, which each person 
may appropriately repeat: "I have desired to see for myself the 
valleys of Otsego, through which the Susquehanna extends bis arms 
and entwines his fingers with the tributaries of the Mohawk, as if to 
divert that gentle river from its allegiance to the Hudson." 

Richfield Springs. — Of all routes to this popular summer resort, 
there is none so picturesque and pleasant as this we have indicated, via 
Cooperstown and Otsego Lake. Of course, persons in a hurry will take 
a drawing-room coach at the New York Grand Central Depot, and in 
eight hours, without change ot cars, be set down at the doors of the 
pleasant and hospitable "American." The village is noted everywhere 
as one of the healthiest in the State; and its fine springs have been to 
many true "fountains of youth." The "American Hotel" is one of 
tho oldest established resorts in the country, and its popularity has 
ever been on the increase. It has a fino location fronting the pavilion 
and pleasant grounds of the Richfield Sulphur Springs. This new lino 
across the lake will make a pleasant interchange between the guests of 
Richfield and Cooperstown, and will be very popular. The drive across 
is also very fine, either along the shore of Schuyler Lake or Otsego. 
There is a hill about two miles from Richfield, from which one will see 
seven lakes, all lying within a radius of ten miles. 

Returning now to the main line of the Albany and Susquehanna 
Railroad, we can pursue our western journey through Collier's and Em- 
mons', to Oneonta, one of the most stirring villages on the route. The 
next station is Otego. From this point stages connect with the pleasant 
village of Franklin, well known through its prosperous seminary and 
educational enterprise. Passing through Wells' Bridge, Unadilla, Sid- 
ney (with its branch road to Delhi), Afton, and Harpcrsville, we come 
to the Tunnel, 127 miles from New York. Then passing through Os- 
born Hollow and Port Crane, we come to Binghamton, and complete 
the equilateral triangle — New York, Albany, and Binghamton. It is a 
flourishing city of 16,000 inhabitants, and has complete railway con- 
nections with the Erie, the Delaware Lackawana and Western, and 
Syracuse and Binghamton railways. The best hotel is the " Spaulding 
House," only a short distance from the depot. 

33 



Mes. H. H. CAKY. 



Mes. WM. P. JOHNSON. 



G. W. TUNNICLIFF. 





WW ##> 



1873-RICHFIELD SPRINGS-1873 

OTSEGO COUNTY, N. Y. 

WM. P. JOHNSON & CO., PROPRIETORS. 



The reputation of the ".American" is so well established as a first-class 
Summer Hotel— the favorite resort of families seeking a pleasant home during 
the warm weather — that it needs no introduction to the public. It is situated 
directly opposite the celebrated Richfield Sulphur Springs, and has recently 
been enlarged by the erection of a new wing, wiiich adds 100 rooms to its former 
accommodations; the grand parlor ho s been enlarged; Gas has been introduced 
through the entire House, and general improvements made throughout; much 
new Furniture has been added. There is a fine Sulphur Spring, recently dis- 
coverad and tubed, in the basement oi the Hotel. It is impossible to estimate 
too highly the great Medicinal value of these "Waters for all Cutaneous Diseases, 
Rheumatism, Gout, &c, as thousands will testify who have been cured by their 
use. 

Visitors can come all the way from New York by Railroad, as the road to 
Richfield Springs, connected with *he New York Central R. R., at Utica, is now 
open. Drawing Room Car; will be run direct from New York City to Rich- 
field Springs during the coming season. Visitors from Philadelphia can reach 
Richfield Springs via Delaware, Lackawanna and Western R. R. Those com- 
ing to the Springs via Susquehanna and Cooperstown Railroadr, will find an 
excellent line of stages leaving twice a day. running between Cooperstown and 
Richfield Springs, a distance of 14 miles. Baggage checked through, over either 
route, from New York or Philadelphia to Richfield Springs. 



«» » 



Per Day, 

Pei" Week, 1 week, - 



$4 

21 to $25 



$20 to $23 

13 to 20 

* 



TERMS OF BOARD. 

Per Week, 2 weeks, 

Per Week, 4 weeks or longer, 

According to Location and Size of Rooms. 
A Double Room occupied by one person, price and a half. 
Children and Servants at tho Children's table, $10 per week. 
Drawing Room Cars S l i hours from New York without Change. 
The American House has this season been thoroughly renovated in the 
culinary department, and the new and commodious sewers lately built in the 
village renders the drainage from this House thorough and complete. 



1TIAGARA FALLS, AND THE NEW YORK CENTEAL 

RAILROAD. 

At iho unveiling cf Shakespeare's monument in Central Park, William 
Cullcn Bryant r:aid, What Niagara is to other waterfalls Shakespeare is 
to other poets. In the converse of this sentence wo have a happy tx- 
prcssion cf Niagara's greatness and grandeur, for it is in truth tho 
crowning glory of our continent. 

The route from Albany is via "The Nov/ York Central," one of the 
best-appointed railroads in our country; furnished with Wagner's ele- 
gant drawing-room cars and Pullman coaches. There are live through 
trains from New York to Niagara Falls; and this route combines fpeed 
with the greatest comfort. In fact, our times have outgrown the in- 
conveniences of travel. The dream of Arabian fancy is realized. These 
sumptuous saloons remind one of the "enchanted carpet" which wafted 
the traveler from place to place. 

Leaving the domes of the river-crowned capital behind us, we pass 
through Schenectady, Fonda, Palatine Bridge, Fort Plain, and places 
of minor interest, and come to Little Falls, the head centre of Herkimer 
cheese. Here the gentle Mohawk of the poet rushes through a rock 
channel of remarkable formation, and wo come to the conclusion that 
the writer of 

" How sweet ia the vale where the Mohawk gently glides" 

was not a native of Herkimer. We get, from the car window, quite a 
good view of the river and its rocky channel. A few miles further 
bring us to 

Utica — the first express station — ninety-five miles from Albany. This, 
in continental days, was the sito of old Fort Schuyler, and now one of 
the most flourishing towns in Central New York. Passengers for Tren- 
ton Falls hero take the Utica and Black River Railroad to Trenton, 
— a passage of scenery not only wild and romantic, but also rendered 
poetic by tho pen of N. P. Willis. These falls — six in number— are 
well worth a visit. 

Passengers for Richfield Springs will be carried by drawing-room cars 

85 



•without change, and will be safely set down at the American Hotel, — 
about three hours' run from Albany. The attractions in and about 
Utica will well repay a few days' visit. The pleasantest hotel in the 
city is the " Butterneld House," a few blocks removed from the noise 
and turmoil of the depot. A cut of this hotel is here given. It is 
complete in every particular, and situated in the central and business 




THE BUTTERFTELD HOUSE, KJTICA, N. Y. 

06CAR R. Stone k Co., Proprietors. 



part of the city. Free omnibuses to and from the cars. We also 
imagine there is no city which even passing strangers hold in better 
remembrance, as this furnishes the best restaurant on the line of the 
Central Railroad, and Mr. D. M. Johnson's lunch-boxes, furnished with 
goodly provisions — price $1.00 — are known by every one the whole 
length of the line. 

86 



Passing through Rome, where persons connect with the "Rome, 
Watertown, and Ogdensburgh " line for the Thousand Islands, the St. 
Lawrence Rapids, and Montreal, our next city of importance is 

Syracuse, 118 miles from Albany, one of the most flourishing 
and enterprising towns of Central New York, and almost as well salted 
as old Sodom and Gomorrah, the cities of the plain. Here are railroad 
connections for Binghamton and Oswego; and here, also, the Old and 
New Central diverges, meeting again at 

Rochester, 229 miles fiom Albany, the finest city of "Western New 
York, and in some particulars the finest in the State. It is situated 
on the Genesee River, which we cross as we come into the city; and 
we get a view, on our right, of the falls where Sam Patch made the 
last extempore effort of his life. The Genesee has fine water-power, 
and the falls also furnished successful inspiration to one of Daniel 
Webster's finest efforts. The best hotel is the " Osborn House, " cen- 
trally located. Passing through Brockport, Albion, Medina, and Lock- 
port, we come to 

Suspension Bridge, 304 miles from Albany, the first great enterprise 
of the New "World; for, without being personal, there was certainly "a 
great gulf fixed " between the United States and Canada, until one day 
a little kite-string drew a wire across the chasm, and the wire grew and 
multiplied until tho spider-like art hung a thousand tons in equipoise. 
Two miles now bring us to 

Niagara Falls, and, making our way through throngs of porters 
and carriages, whose clamor drowns even the roar of the waters, we 
soon find ourselves safely and quietly located in the j)leasant rooms of 
the "International," — appropriately named, for scenery like Niagara, 
even if Canada were a part of our country, could never belong to one 
nation or people. It is International. It belongs to tho world. This 
hotel, under the supervision of Jame3 T. Fulton, owner and proprietor, 
has won a wide reputation for civility and attention to travelers. It is 
the largest and most pleasantly situated at Niagara, having ample ac- 
commodation for over six hundred guests. During the past winter it 

37 



has been thoroughly refitted, and an elegant addition, comprising suites 
oi rooms, and three magnificent public parlors, extending one hundred 
fee!; into the rapicis, has been made, and, being nearer the Falls than 
any other hotel, it is now unsurpassed for comfort, location, and 
cccncry. Railroad, steamboat, and telegraph offices in tho building. 
Omnibuses and porters at all trains. A fine cut of the hotel is here 
riven, furnished by the courtesy of Mr. Henry Morford, whose fine 
handbooks on American and European travel arc favorably known on 
cither side cf the Atlantic. 



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INTERNATIONAL HOTEL, NIAGARA FALLS, N. Y. 
Ja^ies T. Fclton*, Proprietor. 

And now, being comfortably located, we will proceed to take a look 
at the "scenery." A few steps bring us to the American Falls (900 feet 
across, and 164 feet high). We have all seen pictures of these falls, 
from Church's niasierpiece to the hastily engraved cut of a Guide-Book; 
we ail have an idea how the falls look; but they never speak to us until 
we have looked over that deep abyss and up the stream which ever 
rushes on like an army to battle, and miles down the crowded channel 

S3 



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•where the black waters have worn their passage, through the silent, un- 
known ceutaries. Rjineinber what they say to you, oh, hearer 1 and 
as you look upon them the first; time uncover your head a single mo- 
meat. The lunjuagc is addressed to your soul. One-eighth of a milo 
b-ilow theio falls is the new Suspension Bridge, tho longest in the 
worid — 1300 feet in length, the towers 100 feet high, and cables 1800 
feat long. This carriage and foot- way wa3 long needed, and now not 
only presents a fine view of the Falls from every ttand-point, but 
affords tho most convenient route to the views on the Canada side. It 
was opened to the public January 4th, 18C9. Goat Island, the natural 
Central Park of the Falls, is connected with the American lido by a 
bridge. The area of the island is about sixty acres. In our hasty 
sketch we will, however, only name tho places to bo visited, leaving 
the description to the local guide books. The Cavo of the Wines, 
with its magnificent curtain of ch nging beauty,, the Rainbow, the 
Whirlpool Rapids, reached by the Double Elevator. Terrapin Bridge 
and Prospect Tower, overlooking Horse Shoe Falls (about 1C00 feet 
wide and 158 feet high). On the Canada side the principal points of 
interest are Table Rock and the broad Causeway, where one can feel 
all the glory of Niagara, and where Mrs. Sigourney wrote those ex- 
pressive lines — 

" God lias eet 
His rainbow on thy forehead, and the clouds 
Mantled around thy feet." 

Burning Spring is about a mile above Table Rock, near the river edge. 
Not far from this the battle of Chippewa was fought, July 5, 1814. 
And also, a milo and a half from the falls, is the battle ground of 
Lundy's Lane. Tho Suspension Bridge, two miles below, is a triumph 
in art; tho Whirlpool is about a mile below this bridge. Many writers 
bave attemp^d to describe Niagara, but in every description there is 
something lacking. We can give its dimensions, its height and breadth, 
and point out the places to be seen; but there is a Unity about Niagara 
which can only be felt. It makes one -wish that David could have seen 
it, and added a new chapter to the Psalms. It surely would not have 

89 



'^t fc-jwwwwj 1 * 



been out of place in the chapter folio-wing "The heavens declare the 
glory of God, the firmament showeth His handiwork." In happy 
reminiscence tho great English novelist has perhaps wiitten its best 
description: "I think in every quiet season, now, siill do these waters 
roll, and leap, and roar, and tumble, all day long. Still are the rain- 
bows spanning them, a hundred feet below. Still, when the sun is on 
them, do they shine and glow like molten gold. Still, when the day is 
gloomy, do they fall like snow, or seem to crumble away like the front 
of a great chalk cliff, or roll down the rock like dense white smoke. 
But always does the mighty stream appear to die as it comes d(5wn, and 
always from the unfathomable grave arises that tremendous ghost of 
spray and mist which is never laid, which has haunted the place with 
the same dread solemnity since darkness brooded on the deep, and that 
first flood before the deluge — Light — came rushing on Creation at the 
word of God." 

From Niagara tourists " may make the round trip to Montreal, Lake 
Champlain, Lake George, and Saratoga, or the still longer round trip 
to Montreal, the Green and White Mountains, and so to New York, via 
Portland and Boston. Tourists taking either of these trips have two 
routes to Montreal — one via the Grand Trunk Railroad, tho other via 
boat down the lake and St. Lawrence. The rapids and islands are in- 
teresting features of the route, and we refer to them again in our article 
on " Montreal and the Thousand Islands." 



» » « 



TOUBISTS WILn FIND 

The best Summer and Winter Stereoscopic Views of 
NIAGABA FALLS, 

AT 

ME. GEO. BARKER'S, 

Almost opposite the International Hotel. 



Fifteen Hundred Distinct Views. 



Also, Indian Work and Curiosities. 
90 



FROM NIAGARA FALLS TO PHILADELPHIA, BALTIMOBE, 

AND WASHINGTON, 

VIA 

EOCHESTER, CANANDAIGUA, PENN-YAN, WATKINS' GLEN, 
ELMIEA, WILLIAMSPORT, AND HARRISBURGH. 

Tliis route— from Niagara to Philadelphia and Washington— presents 
some of the finest scenery of New York and Pennsylvania; and makes 




SENECA LAKE. 

one of the best round trips to be taken in connection with the day-line 
of the Hudson and the route we have just indicated to Niagara. Tourists 
may also reverse the order, going direct from Philadelphia to Niagara 
and Watklns' Glen, and then to Albany and down the Hudson to New 
York. 

These beautiful giens— Watkins and Glenola, near the shores of 
Seneca Lake— have been poetically styled "a secluded mystery of 

91 



r 



beauties which the elements have been for ages carving and decorat- 
ing." No x^erson, in fact, can be said to do New York State thoroughly 
without paying tbcm a visit. During the last few years there have 
bsen many descriptive articles giving an idea of their general character; 
but, like all descriptions, they tail short in the expression. One of the 
best of these — at least in point of brevity — was published in Scribntr's, 
1872; and we subjoin the following description of 

Ttttc Glen, or cabinet edition of a Colorado canyon; "Here -we see 




THE GLEN MOUNTAIN HOUSE. 

a placid pool, there a thundering waterfall, beyond a ribbon of foam, 
where the stream tears through a crooked rift in the rocks; then a series 
of rippling cascades, followed by long reaches of still water, so clear 
and glassy that one seems to look through the slaty bottom into an 
under world of fantastic forms — an inverted spiritual counterpart of 
the wonderful region round and above. Now the stream overspreads 
a broad channel, as level as a pavement; now it rushes through a nar- 
row sluice-way, and again sleeps in a chain of oval pools, the footprints 

92 



of waterfalls long since receded." These various points arc so rapidly 
and poetically referred to in the above quotation that ifc rem.'nds one of 
the musical poem often read by elocutionists, "The way the water 
comc s down at Ladorc." 




HECTOR FALTiS. 

The doublo fall of Hector, in the neighborhood, is well wormy of a 
summer day's excursion, " where a stream much larger than any of tho 
Glen streams, leaps into the lake over a quick succession of bold cliffs, 
falling two hundred feet or more in as many yards." 

From Watkins Glen our route will take us via Elmira to Minequa, 
with its noted Springs; and Williamsport, with its fine hotel, — tho 
"Herdic House." 93 



At Northumberland, forty miles south of Williamsport, the north 
and west branches of the Susquehanna meet. The north branch, you 
will remember, takes its rise in Otsego Lake, at Cooperstown (referred 
to in our article on the route to Cooperstown, Sharon and Kichfield 
Springs), and is famous in poetry and history for the cruel tragedy of 
Wyoming, and the stirring scenes on its banks. You will also remem- 
ber Campbell's beautiful line — 



a 



On Susquehanna's side, fair Wyoming." 



And now we pass the marriage of two poetic streams, where the 
"blue Juniata " is willing to change her name, and, in maiden modesty, 
give all herself to her liquid Borneo. Then, thirty-seven miles to Lan- 
caster, where Eobert Fulton, when a boy, made his first paddle-wheels; 
and Thaddeus Stevens and Buchanan lived. Then sixty miles bring us 
to Bryn Mawr, a pleasant village in the suburbs of Philadelphia, with 
station and railway appointments suggesting an English landscape, and 
so to Philadelphia, with its pleasant streets, "that re-echo the names 
of the trees of the forest." 

It is rjrobably the most quiet and orderly city in the world for its 
size. Although it has a population of about 700,000, and possesses 
stirring business activity and enterprise, still the quiet genius of its 
great founder seems to reign supreme. The most pleasant, quiet, and 
convenient hotel is the "Colonnade House," John Crump, Proprietor, 
a cut of which is given on the opposite page. The tourist can spend a 
number of days in Philadelphia with profit; and, in addition to its 
commercial activity, it has a decent and resi^ectful reverence for an- 
tiquity — a quality in New York which seems to be honored in the 
breach rather than the observance. Old Independence Hall is a 
Fourth-of-July Oration in itself; as is the old bell, with its singularly 
prophetic inscription. 

The Pennsylvania Bailroad has made this one of the most delightful 
routes; and we wish to acknowledge their courtesy in furnishing the 
cuts which illustrate this article. From Philadelphia the tourist will 
proceed on his route for Baltimore and Washington. 

94 



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OF SARATOGA 



Are the best of all the Saratoga Waters for the 
use of Persons of Constipated Habit. 

They act promptly and pleasantly, without producing debility; and their 
effect is not weakened by continued use, as is the case with ordinary cathartics. 
At the same time they are not too cathartic,— a fault with some of our more drastic 
mineral waters,— hut sufficiently so for daily healthful use, and not strong enough 
to produce reaction. 

As an alterative, these waters, by continued use, keep the bloed in a very 
pure and healthful condition, producing a clear, florid complexion. 

They are especially beneficial in cases of habitual Bilious Headache, Dys- 
pepsia, and Constipation, and are sure preventives of all bilious disorders. 

Eveey Genuine Bottle of Congress Wateb has a labge "C" eaised on 

the Glass. 

For Sale by Druggists and Hotels throughout the country. 
None Genuine Sold on Draught 



At our General Mineral Water Depot in New York all varieties of Natural 
Waters for sale at proprietors' prices, delivered free in New York, Brooklyn, 
and Jersey City. 

Orders by mail will receive prompt attention. Empties taken back and 
allowed for at liberal prices. Address, • 

CONGRESS & EMPIRE SPRING CO., 

Saratoga Springs, N. Y., and 

94 Chambers St., New York City. 



In connection with a recent Analysis of Congress Water, Prof: C F. 
Chandler remarks that "as a cathartic voter, its almost entire freedom from 
iron should recommend it above all others." 



. . . 



SAEATOGA, LAKE GEORGE, AND PLATTSBURG. 

From Albany we take the Kensselaer and Saratoga Railroad (division 
of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company) direct to Saratoga, or by 
way of 

Teoy, at the head of tide-water, the enterprising city of the Hudson. 
In fact, it might be considered the live town of the river. In the year 




TEOT HOUSE. 

C. H. Jones, Proprietor. 

178G, it was called Ferryhook. In 1787, Rensselaerwyck. In the fall 
of 1787, the settlers began to use the name of Vanderheyden, after the 
family who owned a great part of the ground where the city now stands. 
January 9th, 1789, the freeholders of the town met and gave it the name 
of Troy. As a natural sequence, the adjoining hills took the names of 
Ida and Olympus. 

The best hotel is the " Troy House, " corner of First and River 
Streets, near the steamboat dock, and only a few blocks from the depot. 

97 



Free omnibuses to and from the hotel. It i3 also the most central place 
in the city, and tourists will always find gentlemanly clerks and kind 
attention. 

Like Troy of old, this city flourishes in an "ago of iron." The Bes- 
semer Steel Rail Works, in the southern part of the city, keep up a 
continual Fourth of July by a display of fireworks that are well worth 
an evening visit. The manufacture of stoves is also a large part of the 
business enterprise. "We would call attention to the new Empire 
Heating Range of Swett, Quimby, & Perry, as something new and 
successful in the way of heating rooms, connected with a fine cooking- 
range. Troy has also the best rejoutation for making elegant marbleized 
mantles. The extensive works of C. W. Billings are situated on the 
corner of Hutton and North Third Streets; and here we can trace the 
progress of a slab rough from Hydeviilc through various manipulations, 
until ifc becomes in fact "a thing of beauty." The finest residences in 
our country arc being furnished with mantles of his manufacture. 
Waters' Paper Boats are also manufactured in Troy. During the last 
four seasons they have been rowed by the winners of more than a hun- 
dred matched races. 

The population of Troy is over 50,000, and rapidly growing. The 
falls of the Poestenkill are in a romantic ravine, within thirty minutes' 
walk of the Troy House. This stream and the Wynantskill furnish a 
good water-power. The Union Depot is a fine building; and three 
railroads centre here — the Hudson River, the Rensselaer and Saratoga, 
and the Troy and Boston. Taking the 

Rensselaer and Saratoga Railroad, we cross the Hudson and 
Green Island, the birthplace of Morrisey, and we believe once used as 
a camping-ground by General Gates. We pass through the long street 
of Waterford, and leave Cohoes on our left, a manufacturing town which 
received its name from the falls of the Mohawk, one of the mouths of 
which here empties into the Hudson. Its Indian name is said to sig- 
nify the "Island at the Falls." We pass through Mechanicville, near 
the historic fields of Stillwater and Bemis Heights; Round Lake Station, 
with its summer village and camp-meeting privileges, and come to 

Ballston Spa, twenty-five miles from Troy, a pleasant watering- 

98 



place, although under the immediate shadow of Saratoga. The best 
hotel is the "Sans Souci." 

We lately came across an article in Harper's Magazine, published 
twenty years ago, which gives a gorgeous description of the youth and 
beauty that were there assembled; and we were more surprised at the 
fact that we had a summer hotel that had existed twenty years, than 
when we met soon after a reference to one of the German Spas in the 
lines of Spenser's "Faery Queen." 

The Ballston Artesian Lithia Spring is everywhere noted, and re- 
commended by medical and scientific men as containing the most valu- 
able properties of any spring in our country. The analysis is given in 
full on another page. It is said that the grandfather of the Hon. 
Stephen A. Douglas built a log house in Ballston in the year 1792, for 
the accommodation of invalids. 

From Ballston there is a Schenectady Branch Railroad, which mate- 
rially shortens the distance for those en route to Niagara, Sharon, or 
points west. Seven miles more bring us to 

Saratoga Springs, thirty-two miles from Troy, and one hundred and 
eighty-two from New York. 

SARATOGA SPRINGS. 

In our hasty sketch of watering-places and the routes thereto, this 
great summer resort of our country ought to be printed in large capital 
letters. The heading deserves a full line of itself, instead of being 
crowded into a left-hand corner of a page of type — and it shall have it. 
In other words, Saratoga is something more than a paragraph, or 
Barnum would have wheeled it across the continent thirty years ago. 
Compared with the Springs, other watering-places are mere commas, 
eemi-coions, or, at the most, colons; but this jmnctuation-point in 
pleasure-travel is a full stop. It is, in fact, a place which every one 
likes to visit once in a lifetime, and most people once a year. 

It pleases a philosopher because it is the best place on the continent 
to study human nature. It pleases the young gentleman and lady of 
flirting propensities, because they can easily find hearts and heads as 

99 



soft and responsive as their own. It pleases the managing mother, be- 
cause she has a field for diplomacy which would puzzle a Richelieu or 
a Bismarck. It pleases the sporting gentleman, because he has an op- 
portunity of displaying his interest or losing his principal in a fashion- 
able horse-race. It pleases the invalid, for this has been to many a 
genuine fountain of health. In short, it presents to every condition 
and character something to be enjoyed; and each class soon attracts its 
own companions. 




PARK OF THE GEAND UNION EOTEL. 
Bbesltn, Gakdneii, k Co., Proprietors. 

Saratoga is like the knight's shield, and can be looked at from either 
side: one side is the purest gold, and the other tarnished silver. But 
we will allow each person to do his own moralizing, and proceed with 
the main object and design of our handbook. The first thing of in- 
terest to the stranger is to get located at a hotel. The four finest are 



xoo 



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. 



... -'. . 










on Broadway, the main street of the village, and we will refer to them 
in their order, as we approach them from the railroad station. 

The GeajSD Union Hotel, located on the west side of Broadway, is 
the largest hotel in Saratoga; and, it is said, larger than any in the 
world. It not only presents a street frontage of 1364 feet, but also in- 
closes a fine park, a cut of which is here given. The grounds and build- 
ings cover a space seven acres in extent. Its capacious drawing-rooms 
and dining-halls have been newly adorned and frescoed ; and its destiny 
is secure in the hands of its popular proprietors — Breslin, Gardner, 
&0o. 




f"««rv ^Jam*******- =* 



CONGRESS RALL. 
Hathorn k Soutkgate, Proprietors. 



Congress IT alt, is a little to the south, on the opposite side of Broad- 
way, and extends from Spring to Congress Street. It presents a fine 
architectural front of 416 feet, and its management is complete and 
satisfactory. 

The Grand Hotel, completed in the summer of 1872, is an elegant 
structure, south of the Grand Union, and on the same side of Broadway. 
It enjoys the advantage of a fine location, with a piazza frontage of 370 
feet, overlooking Congress Spring Park, It is airy and cheerful, and 

102 



no efforts have been spared to make it one of the finest in this congerie 
of hotels. There are electric bells and clothes-presses in every room, 
which latter fact will be especially appreciated by the gentler portion 
of society. 




THE GKAiro HOTEL. 
W. W. Leiand, Proprietor. 

The Clabendon is situated on a delightful eminence still further to 
the south; and under its j>opular and gentlemanly proprietor — Charles 

103 



E. Leland, of the "Delavan House," Albany— it has attained the first 
position in reference to an aristocratic and select class of guests. The 
celebrated Washington Spring is inclosed in the pleasant grounds con- 
nected with the hotel. 

Steong's Remedial Institute is the finest health resort in our 
country and is not only a Christian home for the sick, but also a grand 




DBS. STEONG'S KEMEDIAL INSTITUTE. 



centre for wealthy, literary, and Christian people. It is the annual 
summer resort of the Rev. Dr. Cuyler, Robert Carter, and ex-Governor 
"Wells, of Virginia. Tbe most marked features are its homogeneous 
society, its social life, and its musical entertainments. 

The proprietors— Drs. S. S. and S. E. Strong— have become so 



104 



celebrated in their various sjDeciaities that leading physicians all over 
the country recognize the fact that many chronic cases can bo treated 
more effectually in an institution having special appliances than in or- 
dinary practice, and are sending more and more such cases to them for 
treatment. The senior proprietor has been spending the winter 
abroad in Paris and in London, giving special attention to the latest 
researches of the French and English imysicians. Tho house is open 
all the year, and has no appearance of invalidism. 







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TEMPLE GKOVE SEMEN" AKY (STEEET FBONT). 

Temple Grove Seminary has a delightful location on what was once 
called Temple Hill, in the eastern part of the village. The institution 
is under the efficient management of Charles F. Dowel, A.M., a graduate 
of Yale College, and well known to the educational world as conducting 
one of the best Young Ladies' Seminaries in the State. The cuts here 
given present a fine view of the building. The grounds comprise about 
one and a half acres, and are covered with a grove of over one hundred 
native forest trees. 

106 



During the winter Saratoga combines all the advantages of a city 
with the quiet of a country town; for, although the public works and 
beautiful avenues were constructed mainly for the benefit of summer 
visitors, they are none the less to the advantage of those who live here 
in the quiet possession of them from September to June. Daring the 
rush of the vacation months, Tenrple Grove is turned into one of the 
most delightful summer resorts in Saratoga, and combines the advan- 
tages of a commanding position, large and well-shaded grounds, and 
within five minutes' walls of the Springs. From the Seminary observa- 










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TEMPLE GKOVE SEHINAKY (OKOVE SEDEJ. 

tory one gets a fine view of the surrounding country for miles in every 
direction. From the Saratoga Sun, edited by our friend Mr. A. S. Pease, 
we clip the following: — 

"Among the institutions of which Saratoga has just reason to be 
proud is Temple Grove Seminary. Under the excellent and skillful 
management of Professor Dowd, this Seminary has attained not only a 
State but a National eminence. Among the pupils are young ladies 
from all points of the United States, and the reputation of the Semi- 

107 



nary is steadily increasing. The scholarship of the graduates of Temple 
Grove has for several years been of marked excellence. No department 
of mental or general culture seems to be neglected, but everything that 
contributes to a perf ect education is carefully regarded by the Principal, 
and inwrought, as it were, into the character of the pupil. Not only is 
Professor Dowd to be congratulated on his notable success, but Sara- 
toga Springs possesses no institution of which she ought to feel more 
proud or prize more highly than Temple Grove Seminary." 

The most prominent Springs in and about Saratoga, and those 
best known for the excellence of their mineral properties, are the Con- 
gress, the Empire, the High Bock, the Star, the Excelsior, and the 
Geyser. 

Congkess Spuing was discovered in 1792, by a party of gentlemen 
who were engaged in hunting in the vicinity. One of these gentlemen 
was an cx-member of Congress, from Exeter, New Hampshire, and the 
name of Congress was complimentarily bestowed. Since then, its name 
has become familiar in every civilized country. The old picture of the 
Spring, as it appeared in 1816, presents a great contrast to the present 
pavilion and surroundings of Congress Park. It has a decided ad- 
vantage in being handy to the various hotels; but we would cite the 
following incident as a gentle caution to rashness and new arrivals. It 
was attributed to John G. Saxe, in the summer of 1872. A lady return- 
ing from the Spring one morning, met the poet and said, with great 
gusto, "Good morning, Mr. Saxe; I have just drank six glasses of 
Congress Water." — His response was at once kind and expressive: 
"Don't let me detain you, madam.'' 

The Empire Spuing is situated near the base of a high limestone 
bluff, about three-fourths of a mile from the Congress Spring. It was 
called, for a long time, the New Congress, as its general qualities 
closely resemble the Congress; but it has lately attracted the attention 
of medical men, as it possesses valuable properties which are adapted 
to the successful treatment of lung complaints. 

The High Rock is the only spring in Saratoga which seemed inde- 
pendent of tubing and masonry, and ages ago built a curb for itself. It 

ioS 



was the first discovered, and was a deer resort long before Saratoga 
was made happy by a hotel. The first white man on record who tasted 
these waters was Sir "William Johnston, in the year 1767. Our cut fur- 
nishes a good aboriginal idea of Saratoga and its great healing rock 
in the wilderness. The mound is about three or four feet high, and is 
certainly a great curiosity. The geologist and the chemist finds here a 
subject for reflection and analysis, and it carries them far back into a 




SARATOGA HIGH ROCK, 1767. 



pre-historic past. It is, indeed, a venerable mound; but the water still 
bubbles up as brightly as when the bursting of its gas-cells broke only 
on the stillness of the wild wood. One thing is certain — there is more 
poetry in High Itock than any other fountain in the country. It has 
been known for centuries as the "great medicine spring;" and many of 
those who to-day gather under its pleasant pavilion, give it the prefer- 
ence over later rivals. 

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The Saratoga Star Spring has the finest bottling-house in Saratoga, 
and is located between the High Rock and the Empire. It has been 
known for nearly a century, and is one of the most popular to-day 
throughout New England. This company was among the first to inau- 
gurate the system of sending the water in kegs and barrels, supplying 
families and druggists at one-fourth the cost. The present superin- 
tendent — Melvin Wright (like the ancestors of Thursty McQuill) — had 
the honor of being born in one of the pleasantest villages in Vermont, 
and is therefore a representative, in more senses than one, of "the Star 
that never sets." 

The Excelsior Spring has a charming location, about a mile east 
of the village, and has a romantic walk the entire distance, leading 
through forest trees. It is, in fact, the finest stroll in Saratoga for 
lovers cf Nature and lovers generally. The Spring has been a great 
success in the hands of its enterprising proprietors, A. R. Lawrence & 
Co. The large and commodious bottling-house is located in the centre 
of Excelsior Park — that portion of Saratoga known for many years as 
the "Valley of the Ten Springs." The Excelsior Lake, a beautiful 
sheet of water, with sloping banks adorned by lofty trees, also adds its 
charms to the place. The more elevated portions of Excelsior Park 
have been divided into large and small villa plots, many of which com- 
mand fine views of the mountains in Vermont and the Lake George 
Hills; and we believe that the attention of the public has only to be 
called to the lots now offered for sale in Excelsior Park to make this 
beautiful spot soon vie with the environs of New York in its villa homes 
and tasteful cottages. 

The Geyser Spring — Vail, Batcheller & Adams, proprietors — is lo- 
cated on the Ballston Road, one and a half miles south of the principal 
hotels, and is one of the great cariosities of this mineral valley. It was 
discovered in February, 1870, and developed by experimental drilling 
in the solid rock. The vein was struck by the drill in the bird's-eye 
limestone, one hundred and forty feet beneath the surface rock, and 
the water immediately commenced spouting at the surface, being forced 
ux^ by the pressure of its own carbonic acid gas, spouting through an 
inch nozzle to the height of thirty feet. The grounds about the Geyser 

112 



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Spring are very picturesque and beautiful. On the Geyser premises is 
a handsome lake, covering about sixty acres, and over one mile in 
length; also a handsome waterfall of twenty-two feet, with ravines, 
terraces, shady and cool retreats to welcome the visitor. 

There is a line of stages which run every half hour between the 
principal hotels and the Spring, for the accommodation of visitors. 
The fact that this Spring is located 140 feet beneath a solid rock renders 
it free from all impurities of surface waters, which accounts for its uni- 
form taste and clearness. 

Points op Interest. — Saratoga has many places of interest in its 
immediate vicinity. Saratoga Lake, with its "legend;" and "Moon's 
House;" "Chapman Hill," with its charming view; Wagman's Hill, 
about three miles beyond; Haggerty Hill, six miles north of the village; 
and Lake Lovely, on the boulevard to Saratoga Lake. For further 
particulars we refer the tourist to the neat handbook of " Saratoga, and 
How to See It," published by Mr. R. F. Dearborn, and sold at all tho 
news-stands and Springs in the village. 

Adirondack Company's Railroad. — This route to the Adirondacks 
and Lake George is one of the most popular excursions to be taken 
from Saratoga. The traveler by this route passes through the romantic 
and picturesque valley of the Upper Hudson — through King's, South 
Corinth, Jessnp's Landing to Hadley, the railroad station for Luzerne, 
a charming village at the junction of the Hudson and the Sacandaga. 
"Rockwell's Hotel " is known to all the sojourners and guests of Sara- 
toga as the place to secure a game dinner, a dish of trout, and a "taste" 
of the wilderness. 

Pursuing the railroad, we pass through Stony Creek to Thurman, 
thirty-six miles from Saratoga Springs, at the junction of the Schroon 
River and the Hudson, and the station for parties en route for Lake 
George or Warrensburgh. Stages connect for these points on the 
arrival of the train. This stage route to Lake George is over a fine 
plank-road, and the same in distance as the route from Glen's Falls. 
The next stations above Thurman are the Glen, forty -four miles; and 
Riverside, fifty miles from Saratoga. At Riverside persons leave the 
cars for Chester, Pottersville, Schroon Lake, Johnsburg, and other 

114 



points north. Schroon Lake, with its popular hotel, the "Leland 
House," is only ten miles from the station. North Creek is fifty-seven 
miles from Saratoga. This railroad opens up a country rich in min- 
eral resources, and attractive in romantic and picturesque scenery. 

Rensselaer and Saratoga Railroad, continued. Pursuing our 

northern route from Saratoga, we pass through Gansevoort and Moreau 
to Fort Edward; and the branch railroad brings us to 




THE ROCKWELL HOUSE, GLEN's FALLS, N. T. 



Glen's Falls, the flourishing and enterprising town of northern 
New York. The streets are finely laid out, and well shaded. The 
soldier's monument and new Music Hall testify to the taste, intelli- 
gence, and public spirit of the place. 

115 



The Bockwell House, just completed, a cut. of which, is here given, is 
quite as complete in all its appointments as any hotel in the State. The 
rooms are all spacious and airy, and an atmosphere of home and comfort 
jDervades the entire establishment. The gentlemanly proprietors, the 
Bockwell Brothers, are well known among tourists and travelers. 
Educated in this "art of arts" by one who has made our own Luzerne, 
at the meeting of the Sacandaga and the Hudson, quite as well known 
and reverently regarded as the classic Luzerne of Switzerland. Con- 
veyances can be had at all times to Lake George, and stages leave 
morning and evening. Persons arriving on the evening train thus have 
a good night's rest, and a pleasant morning ride to the Lake. Glen's 
Falls is surrounded by so much of historic interest and beautiful 
scenery that it demands even from the hurried traveler more than a 
passing glance. This is the central point, as it were, about which our 
great novelist grouped the scenes of " The Last of the Mohicans.'' A 
short distance from the village the Hudson Biver makes a descent of 72 
feet in a succession of leaps over rugged rocks ; and here is the famous 
cave so graphically described by Cooper. The width of the river a: 
this point is about 900 feet. 

To Lake Geoege. From Glens Falls a fine plank road passes 
through a beautiful country. It is well built and always smooth, and 
seems like a highway to some city rather than an excursion route for 
summer travel. On the way we pass Bloody Pond, on the right, and 
a monument to Col. Williams, on the left. Lake George is a place 
where one goes with the idea of staying two or three days, and then — 
stays two or three weeks. The charming scenery and cheerful Hotel 
(the Fore William Henry) present perhaps the strongest combination 
to be found in our country of immediate beauty and comfort. Near 
the Hotel are the ruins of old Fort William Henry, telling a sad history 
of the past. About a mile to the south-east are the ruins of Fort 
George. It has been christened about as many times as the Hudson, 
and like the Hudson has retained its prosiest name. The Iroquois 
called it Audiata-rocte (the lake that shuts itself in) ; by other tribes 
Canidere-oit (the tail of the Lake, as a part of Lake ^hamplain). 
Father Jaques, traversing it in 164G ; during the festival of Corpus 

116 



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Christi, called it Lac Sacrament. Sir William Johnson, serving his 
king with greater zeal than Ids country, styied it Lake George. Its 
most poetical name was Horicon — of uncertain origin, said to signify 
silvery water. Lake George combines various attractions. It has 
something of interest for every one — the lover of history, of romance, 
of beauty, and lovers generally (as a friend remarks, not confined to 
inanimate objects). But we believe the greatest attraction is in the 
unwritten poetry which lives among these scattered islands. A graceful 
little steamboat makes a daily trip to and from Ticonderoga. The 
islands i re said to be the same in number as the days of the year, and 
wc think one might find a small rock extra for leap year. 

PRINCIPAL ISLANDS. 

Two miles down the Lake Tea Island, next Diamond ; Long Island, 
12 miles from Caldwell; Dome Island, Becluse Island. After Bolton 
Landing we come to " 14-mile Island ;" Shelving Bock on the east, 
and Tongue Mountain opposite. (These form the entrance to the 
Narrows.) This is the most picturesque portion of the Lake; it is 
at this place 400 feet deep. Sabbath Day Point, (where Gen. Aber- 
crombie landed, on his way to attack the French one Sabbath morning}, 
Bluff Point, Odell Island, Scotch Bonnet, Anthony's Nose, on the east; 
and Kogers' Slide on the west. 

Persons en route for Pittsburgh, House's Point, Montreal, or the 
North Woods, may make the detour from the main route to Glen's 
Palls and Caldwell Landing, and down the lake to Ticonderoga, and 
connect with steamer on Lake Champlain. Unless time is a great con- 
sideration, the "Rockwell House," " Fort William Henry," and "Lake 
George ' ought not to be left out of a summer excursion. The steamers 
on the lake are fitted and furnished in every particular to the wants of 
the pieasure-seeker; and, in addition to regular daily trips, are subject 
to charter by pleasure parties for excursions among the bays and islands 
for which Lake George is so justly famous. 

Returning now to the main line, which we left at Fort Edward, we 
pass north through Dunhams Basin, Smith s Basin, Fort Ann, and 
Comstock's Landing, to 

118 



Whitehall, at the head of Lake Champlain. The romantic sur- 
roundings of the village, and the cottage houses almost hanging on the 
hillside, give it decidedly the appearance of a foreign town. It has a 
location qaite like an infant Chicago, and is the head centre of the 
lumber trade on Lake Champlain. 

"Hall's Hotel" is located in the central and business part of the 
village,— a convenient house for persons traveling either on business 
or pleasure. A cut of it is here given. 




HALL'S HOTEL, WHITEHALL, N. Y. 

From Whitehall two routes now open to the north, via the Lake 
Champlain steamers and via cars to Butland; and we will refer to them 
both in brief. 

Lake Champlain Eoute.— This beautiful lake is 120 miles in length, 
almost due north and south, and is the natural continuation of "the 
Hudson Biver Valley. New England was, in fact, for some years con- 
sidered an island; and indeed it is only three or four miles between 
some of the tributaries of the Hudson and Lake Champlain. The lake 

119 



lies between the Adirondacks and the Green Mountains, and presents 
some of the finest views, and has special interest to the student of his- 
tory. Soon after leaving the narrow and devious channel, the tourist 
will notice South Bay on the left, memorable for the route of the ill- 
fated Baron Diesquieu, in 1755. A run of twenty miles brings us to 
the remarkable ruins of Ticonderoga, on a high rocky cliff at the con- 
fluence of the outlet of Lake George with the waters of Chanrplain. 
Passing the ruins of the fortress of Crown Point, now in the last stages 
of decay, the lake bsgins to expand, and nine miles bring us to "West- 
port. Three miles onward we pass the beautiful village of Essex and 
the Pour Brother islands, where Arnold fought his last battle with 
Carleton. We pass Shelburne Bay on the right, and almost in the 
track of the steamer rises a high conical rock, — the " Great Kock 
Beggio," celebrated in colonial annals, and believed to have been — long 
before the days of Cliamplain — established by treaty as the boundary 
between the Mohawks and their hereditary enemies the Algonquins. 

Burlington is a beautiful city, having a fine location, and one of the 
most popular hotels in Vermont — the " Van Ness House." We refer to 
Burlington again in our article on Montreal and the Thousand Islands. 
After touching at Port Sent, wc run three miles, and find ourselves 
abreast of the delta of Ausable Bivcr, a singularly beautiful and 
romantic stream. Passing Valcour Straits and Garden Island, we 
come to 

Plattsbtjegh, pleasantly situated on both banks of the Saranac 
Elver, at the foot of Cumberland Bay. This is the great starting-point 
for the Adirondacks and the North Woods. The "Fouquet House" 
makes it a delightful threshold en route for the wilderness. The orna- 
mental grounds of the hotel show the taste of the gentlemanly pro- 
prietor, Louis Fouquet. The new building, a cut of which is here 
given, is an elegant and spacious structure, not less imposing by its 
dimensions and £)osition than attractive by the novelty and beauty of 
its architecture. It is capable of accommodating one hundred and 
fifty guests, and the rooms are large and supplied with every requisite 
of comfort and enjoyment. 

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Plattsburgli was rendered memorable during the war of 1812, by 
brilliant naval and military victories, of which it was the theatre. The 
Ausable Chasm, a view of which is here given, may be visited from 
Plattsburgli by a drive of about- twelve miles over a road which for sev- 
eral miles runs directly on the margin of the lake. There is also a fine 
trip by steamer to be taken to St. Albans, with its magnificent hotel — 
the " Welden House." In short, a week can be agreeably sjDent in the 
vicinity of Plattsburgli. 

The Champlain by daylight is a pleasant excursion. It connects at 
Ticonderoga lor Lake George, each way; at Whitehall with Rensselaer 
and Saratoga Railroad; at Burlington with Vermont Central for Mount 
Mansfield and White Mountains; at Port Kent for Keeseville; at Platts- 
burgli for the Adirondack Sporting Region; at Rouse's Point for Al- 
burgh Springs, Montreal, Quebec, and Ogdensburgh. 

The Adikondacks. — This great northern wilderness is nearly a hun- 
dred miles in diameter, and the whole region is intersected and diver- 
sified by a network of lakes and streams. These systems of water com- 
munication afford very convenient means of transit for hunters and 
pleasure-seekers. The majority of tourists start directly for Lower 
Saranac Lake or St. Regis, and thence make various trips to the lakes 
and mountains. The most picturesque route probably is via Whiteface 
Mountain, up the west branch of the Ausable River from Point of 
Rocks. Splendid views are obtained from the summit of Whiteface 
Mountain,, including fine views of Mount Marcy, Mount Seward, Nipple 
Top, and the whole range of the Adirondacks; and, in the other direc- 
tion, the glimmering thread of the St. Lawrence is traced along the 
horizon, and to the north the spires of Montreal may be discerned. 
Sixty-four different bodies of water — lakes, ponds, and rivers — are 
visible by the naked eye from this mountain; and, with a glass, quite 
a good many more. In fact, the number might be materially increased 
by the number of glasses. But we will leave the tourist in the hands 
of guides more competent than any written description, and allow him 
to pursue his way unmolested for Montreal, the White Mountains, or 
Niagara. 

122 




THE AUSABLE CHASM. 
123 



flFLAIN STEAMERS. 

1 he Fashionable Thoroughfare and Pleasure 
Route between New "York and Montreal. 

VERMONT. Capt . Win. H. Flagfj. 

AJDIli ON DA CK, " Win. Anderson. 

UNITED ST A TES, " Geo. Bushloiv. 

OAKES AMES, " B. . J Holt. 

J03- Forming two linos daily (Sundays excepted) between 

WHITEHALL AND ROUSES POINT. 

CONNECTIONS: 

At Whitehall, with train-, of Rensselaer and Saratoga R. H., for Saratoga, 
Troy, Albany, New York, and all Southern and Western points. 

Ai Tico&itf.ei'OgSft, with steamer Minnehaha, through Lake George. 

At Hurliiig'tOK, with trains of Vermont Central Railroad, for all Eastern 
points, and the Mountains of "Vermont and New Hampshire. 

At Port l&eut, with stages for Keeseville. 

At Plattsburgll, with trains of New York and Canada Railroad, for the 
Hunting and Fishing localities of the Saranac Lakes and the Adirondack 
Wilderness. 

At l£o*iSes Point, with trains of 0. & L. C. and Grand Trunk Rail- 
ways for Ogdensburg, Montreal, Quebec, and all points in Northern New 
York and Canada. 

j^* Tickets and information furnished at the principal agencies of the 
Erie, New York Central, Hudson River, and Grand Trunk Railroads, in New 
York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, St. Louis, Chicago, Niagara Falls, Montreal; 
also at the Homo Office of the Hudson River Bay Line, and on board the 
Hudson River steamers, and at all the principal stations of all connecting lines. 

The Steamers composing the Line are, as they always have been, models of 
excellence, neatness and comfort, combining all modern improvements, and 
every attention is paid by their omeers to the patrons of the route. 

A.. L. INMAK, General Sup't. 



MONTREAL AND THE THOUSAND ISLANDS. 

From Whitehall, as we before stated, there are two routes to the 
north, one of which we have just sketched: the other now awaits our 
consideration. 

The ' ; Rensselaer and Saratoga Railroad,'' after leaving Whitehall, 
bends to the east, and passes through the villages of Fairhaven and 
Hydeville, with their well-known slate quarries. The one near the 
depot at Fairhaven, is conducted by Mr. R. C. Colburn; and the one 
at Hydeville, by the Forest Mining Company. Hydeville is pleasantly 
situated. Lake Bomoseen affords good fishing, and is only a mile 
from the village. Passing through Castleton nnd West Rutland, wo 
come to 

Rutland, 2i4 miles from New York. This is the centre of the great 
marble-trade, and the railroad centre of Vermont. The pleasant and 
popular hotel, the "Bardwell House," is handy to the station, and is 
well known throughout New York and New England for its generous 
and hospitable management. There are pleasant drives in every direc- 
tion, especially the route to the Clarendon and the Middletown Healing 
Springs. Taking the 

Rutland Division of the Vermont Central Railroad, we pass 
north through Sutherland Falls, Pittsford, Brandon, Leicester Junction, 
and Salisbury, to 

Middlebury, with its pleasant hotel, the "Addison House." From 
this point there is a fine drive to Lake Dunmore. The next stations to 
the north are Brooksville, New Haven, and Vergennes — the oldest city 
in Vermont. Wc now pass Ferrisburgh, North Ferrisburgh, Charlotte, 
and Sh.elburne, to 

Burlington, which we saw in our last article, with its pleasant loca- 
tion on the lake. It rises in natural terraces, something like Newburgh, 
on the Hudson. From the college tower, or dome, a wide extended 
view is obtained of the city and lake, and the distant Adirondacks; to 
the north the meadow lands of the winding W T inooski; to the east the 
Nose and Chin of Mount Mansfield. The summer visitor at Burlington 
will find himself within easy distance of a number of delightful resorts. 

125 



The "Van Ness House " is a fine hotel, central in location, with a nice 
outlook upon lake and mountain. It is the largest in Burlington, and 
will rank as one of the most convenient and thoroughly appointed 




<w#imi!!mH&<&>~s&j3-i 



VAN NESS HOUSE. 
D. C. Baubf.r & Co.. Proprietors. 



houses in New England. Resuming our railway journey for the north, 
we pass through Essex, Milton, Georgia, and minor stations, to 

St. Albans. — This village is situated about two miles from, and over- 
looks Lake Champlain. It is a town of about 7,000 inhabitants, and 
was made famous during the rebellion by a Canadian raid. It is a 
central point for persons en route for Alburgh and Shelden Springs, and 
has a large and magnificent hotel — the "Welden House," — a cut of 
which is given on opposite page. 

126 



Its reputation as a pleasant and attractive place of summer resort, as 
well as an agreeable and comfortable house at all times for travelers, is 
not surpassed in New England. It contains over two hundred rooms, 
and is admirably arranged for private families. 

41 The panoramic views from St. Albans are among the finest in th 
world. Aldis Hill, spoken of in 'Norwood,' is within one-half mile of 







THOMAS LAVENOKR, PROPRIETOR. 

the Welden House, and the summit of Bellevne, accessible by an easy 
carriage road, is within two miles, commanding on the east a view of 
Mansfield and Jay, besides a wide reach of mountain, valley, hill, and 
plain, adorned with lovely farms and villages ; on the west a magnificent 
view of the Adirondacks, besides a hundred miles of Lake Ohamplain, 
dotted with sails, broken with islands, and bounded by a wide stretch 
of as lovely a country as the eye ever beheld ; while on the north the 
vision rests on Canada, the Richelieu and St. Lawrence Rivers. 

127 



AiiBUKGH Springs are situated on the railroad to Bouse's Point, 
seventeen miles from St. Albans. The pleasant hotel — the "Alburgh 
Springs House," — on the banks of the beautiful Missisquoi Bay, is ft 
fine centre for enjoy ng lake, highland, or quiet village life, with facili- 
ties for boating, shooting, and fishing. Persons en route for Montreal 
may now pursue their journey via Rouse's Point, or return and go via 
St. Albans. Three hours' run from St. Albans bring us to 

Montreal, 420 miles from New York. Ifc is situated on the south 
side of an island, thirty miles in length and ten miles in greatest 
breadth. The tourist will first locate himself at the "St. Lawrence 










|Q|§§I| 






ST. LAWRENCE HALL. 
F. Gekiken, Proprietor. 



Hall," and put himself in substantial preparation for seeing one of the 
finest cities of .the- new world. This hotel is the largest and most cen- 
tral in the city, being capable of accommodating five hundred guests. 
During the past winter it has been entirely refurnished, and several 
improvements made. Old guests will still recognize the pleasant .coun- 
tenances and sirperior management of Mr. C. R. . Chadwick, formerly, 
with Mr. Hogan; and Mr. J. T. Burkholder, formerly, of the '''Rossin. 
House," Toronto. . / ' 

Montreal has a pleasing appearance, and seems to be a happy city. 

128 



It makes a pleasant northern terminus to our route, and lias many 
places of interest to bo visited; Notre Damo Cathedral, the Church of 
the Jesuits, St. Patrick's, the Victoria Bridge, and fine drives about 
Mount Koyal This mountain is one thousand feet in height, and gives 
its name to the island city. Among the different mercantile establish- 
ments, we mention Savage, Lyman & Co., jewellers, houso established 
in 1818; and the famous Recollet House, Brown & Claggett, proprietors. 
There is a marked civility of Montreal citizens toward strangers, and 
every one carries away with them something which is not dutiable t viz., 
tho pleasantcst of recollections. 




NOBBY ISLAND. 



The Thousand Islands.— The shortest route to the Thousand Islands 
is via Albany ar:d Watcrtown; but we consider tho routo via Montreal 
the pleasantcst, and thereforo speak of them in this connection. The 
Thousand Islands— eighteen hundred in reality — extend about forty 
miles, and vary in sizo from a few feet in diameter to three hundred 
acres. Tho general average, wo should say, would bo about three or 
four acres, and all cro beautifully shaded and wooded. " The idea of 

129 



building on these islands was first conceived by Mr. George Pullman, 
of palace-car fame, who, some ten years ago, purchased one of these 
islands, and erected thereon a temporary cottage. In the summer of 
1870, Mr. Henry R. Heath, of New York City, and Mr. Charles S. 
Goodwin, of Oneida, New York, purchased the first island situated 
below Pullman Island, and known as Nobby Island, from a large rock 
near tho water's edgo resembling the knob of a door. In the summer 
of 1871 they erected a modern Gothic cottage, with clocks, flag-staff, &c, 
a cut of which is here given. Now the islands, on every side, are being 
improved and built upon. 

There is probably no river or lake in tho world more romantic and 
delightful than this section of the St. Lawrence; and we imagine these 
islands furnish a good foundation for a rural Ve:nce. During the sum- 
mer of 1872, President Grant and family, General Phil. Sheridan, &c, 
were domiciled nearest neighbors to Nobby Island. 

The "Thousand Island House," Alexandria Bay, N. Y., is a fine 
hotel, and will accommodate six hundred guests. This bay is thirty 
miles from Capo Vincent, and thirty-six from Ogdensburgh. Persons 
making the round trip, via Niagara Falls, always niako a point to take 
in the Thousand Islands and tho Rapids of the St. Lawrence. 

Tuc Rapids. — The first rapid below Ogdensburgh is near Chimney 
Island; tho next, the rapids of the Long Sault, nine miles in length. 
Here tho river runs twenty miles an hour. Then the Coteau Rapids, 
below Grand Island; then the Laohine Rapids, below the town of La- 
chine, only nine miles from Montreal. 

Our routes have now carried us tkrough a good part of the Empire 
State, and as we turn aside for a moment to New England and its 
representative mountains, we think we are justified in saying that no 
State in the Union .presents so fine a landscape and such a framework 
of beauty as New York. We will call the picture a bird's-eye view of 
Lake George, the Adirondack^, Otsego Lake, Lake Seneca, and Watkins 
Glen. We will call the framework the Hudson River, Lake ChampJain, 
thirEivar St Lawrence, Lake Ontario, and Niagara Falls. ; 






- - * 



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130 



THE WHITE AND GREEN MOUNTAINS. 

No Tourist Guide of the Hudson would be complete without giving 
the route to the Green Hills of Vermont and the White Hills of New 
Hampshire, for a large part of the travel to these mountains generally 
goes one way, via the Hudson River and Saratoga. 

Manchestek is one of the finest villages in Vermont, at the foot of 
Mount Equinox, in the very heart of the Green Mountains. The 




EQUINOX HOUSE. 
F. H. Orvis, Proprietor. 

" Equinox House " has a wide reputation, and is one of the most suc- 
cessful in our country. During the last winter F. H. Orvis, its popular 
proprietor, conducted with marked success the " St. James Hotel," of 
Jacksonville, Florida-. He is once more on his native neath, prepared' 
tojaake-Manchef ter, for the season of A873, one of .tho finest resorts 4a-. 
the United States; • '" ■ -. '■■ y ; -; ;-■;- ',"'.';'""• ..'.W'-."'' 

nSs "y an ^ rH £Hous^ 

131 i 



village, and has enjoyed for more than a quarter of a century the repu- 
tation of a first-class and home-like hotel. The rooms are high and 
airy, dining-rooms largo and pleasant, and the parlor some sixty feet 
by forty. The grounds are nicely shaded, and from the windows there 
is a fine view of the mountains. This hotel is kept open also during 




vandeelip house. 

E. M. Va>-t>ek.liin Proprietor. 

the winter. The "Elra House" has a pleasant location, and has re- 
cently undergone thorough and extensive repairs. The Burr & Burton 
Seminary is a very successful institution, and has a fino outlook upon 
village, valley, and mountain. 

Persons en roiite for Manchester may go via day-lino to Hudson; 
thence by cars, and arrivo the same evening; Or via Albany and Troy, 
taking Troy and Boston Bailroad to Bennington, and Harlem Extension 
to Manchester; also, via Saratoga and Eutland, and down the Harlem 
Extension about thirty miles. -A direct route is also furnished from 
New York via Harlem and Harjem Extension Biilroad. 

-MtDBLExdwff Srsuros aro situated on the Poultney Bivcr, a small 



13- 



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IP HP 




tributary stream to Lake Champlain. The village lies nestled among 
the green hills of Vermont, and is famous as a quiet and healthful 
Bummer resort. It has a magnificent and commodious hotel— the 
"Montvert,"— a cut of which is here given: Mr. Dwight Doolittle, 
proprietor. Persons en route for Middletown may go via Rutland, or 
via Troy and Troy and Boston Railroad to Poultncy, on the Rutland and 
Washington Division. Either way admits of a fine carriage drive* 

Mount Mansfield is the most prominent elevation of the Green 
Mountain range, and can easily be reached via Burlington and Water- 




MOTJNT MANSFIELD HOTEL, STOWE, VT. 

bury, on the Vermont Central Railroad. Stowe, at the foot of the 
mountains, is a pleasant place of summer resort. 

Brattleboro, with its new hotel— the "Brooks House,"— and Bellows 
Falls, with its "Island House," are on the eastern side oi 4 the Green 
Mountain range, and are pleasant resting-places, in the Connecticut 

River Valley. 

The White Mountains.— Persons en route for ths White Mountains 
take the cars or boat via Rutland and Burlington, and proceed via 

134 



Vermont Central to White River Junction. Stop over, if -weary, at the 
"Junction House;" and resume the route ma Wells River, Littleton, 
and Bethlehem, to the "Twin Mountain House," a cut of which is hero 
given. We hope, however, to have a better representation of this 
pleasant hotel for our next edition, as it is in reality ono of the finest 
in New Hampshire. For two seasons it has been the resort of tho 
Rev. Henry Ward Beecher. From this point parties can diverge to all 
points about the Mountains. Tho "Crawford House" is only nine 




A. T. A O. F. BARRON, PROPRIETORS. 

mile3 distant; the "Profile," sixteen; tho "Waumbeck," eleven; the 
"Glen House," thirty. 

The route to the " Summit " is now made easy by the Mount Wash- 
ington Railway. The Boston, Concord, Montreal, and White Moun- 
tain Railroad Company have pushed their line into tho very heart of 
the White Mountains, and the route can now be made in half the time, 
compared with the long stage-lines of ten or twelve years ago. The 
summit of Mount Washington is 6,2S5 feet above the level of the sea; 
and we will leave you there, safe and secure, beyond even the reach of 
a rhetorical sentence. 



i35 



- . I 




• ALBURGH SPRINGS HOUSE, 

AT ALBURGH SPRINGS, GRAND ISLE CO., VERMONT, 

Eixteen miles North of St. Albans, on the line of the Vermont Central Railroad. 

H. H. HOWE, Proprietor. (Late of the American Hotel, Burlington, Vt.) 

D. S. CUTTING, Clerk. 

I*o©t-oflice Address, jVUmrgpli Springs, "Vermont. 

Thi3 house, on the banks of the beautiful Missisquoi Bay, at the northern extremity of 
Lake Ohaniplain, is one mile from the Railroad. Those who are seeking health and a quiet 
resort for the summer, will find here combined attractions, at once varied and unique. 
Mountain air, fine views of lake and highlands, and quiet village life, scenery both pictur- 
esque and grand, with facilities for Boating, Shooting, and Fishing, all add their 
healthful influences to recuperate the weary dweller and worker in the city; while the 
famous Alburgh Spring— itself a fountain of health and strength— is inclosed in the grounds 
of the hotel. For nearly a century this Spring has been the resort of invalids, and some of 
those healed by it forty years ago, regularly visit it every yeai*. For all diseases of the skin 
or internal organs, arising from impurity of blood, cr deficient nervous power, the water 
has proved a reliable remedy. • 

Internal Tumors, Calculi, etc.? hopless oases of Humors, ChroHic Rheumatism, Liver and 

Kidney Complaints, Scrofula, Dyspepsia, Catarrh, etc., etc., 
have yielded to it; and many persons, given over by skillful physicians, have here found, 
in NATURE'S OWN REMEDY, relief from suffering, and restoration to strength. 

To these great natural advantages, the Alburgh Springs House adds the comforts 
of a good Hotel, elegantly furnished, and the quiet of a country home. Guests will be re- 
ceived after May 1st. 
















I 
I* 

~ CQ 



&!■ 



r/) l 

v/-« g 

QQ §& 

£ia 

g j-4 



[over.] 



@ 



astmaa luslatss UniversI 

POUGHKEEPSIE, N. Y., ON-THE-HUDSON. 




A Practical School for the Ties ! 

Training Young Men and Boys tor a Successful Start in Life 
Teaching" them How to Make a Living- and for Be- 
coming- Active Business Men. 



Sixteen years ago Mr. Eastman established the first Business Col- 
lege in America, introducing a system of Practical Training' that 
has since educated more than Eighteen Thousand of the present 
prosperous business men of the country. It is beginning to be 
understood that a man to succeed, become eminent, or a leader in 
his business or profession must be practically educated. — 
The good sense that is now pervading the minds of the American people 
on this subject is evinced by the large patronage this Institution is enjoy- 
ing from every section of the country. 

It is not simply a school for the merchant, but the course of study is 
so arranged as to be of incalculable advantage to all classes of the com- 
munity, the Farmer as well as the merchant, the L,a%vyer as well 
as the Banker. Its specialty is to prepare Boys, Young and 
Middle-aged Men in the shortest time and at the least expense for 
the active duties of life, teach them how to get a living, make 
money, and become enterprising useful citizens. It does 
nothing more and nothing less. How well it has succeeded is best known 
to its thousands of graduates and patrons, to be found in every town in 
the land. 

There are in this country to-day thousands of parents whose greatest 
concern is the prosperity of their sons that are just starting inac- 
tive life, and to them especially, is presented the claim* of this Institu- 
tion 



A FEW FACTS 

IN REGARD TO 



1st, Its Character. It is a live, practical, common sense school — con- 
ducted by able, .skillful teachers and is endorsed by the most prominent Ed 
ucatorsand Business men of the country. 

2(1, Its Location. It is located intlie famous city of Schools and Church 
es — the most populous, beautiful and healthful city on the Hudson between 
New York and Albany 

3d, Its Standing', It is the oldest, largest patronized and only practical 
business training school in the country, and stands today the acknowledged 
Iwadfor imparting a thorough commercial education. 

4th, Course of Study. The course of study is sliort, practical, useful 
and reasonable. It is just what every man needs and trill use, no matter 
what his calling or profession is to be. 

5 til j Assisting' Graduates. It is the only institution that assists its 
graduates to situations on completing the course. A large business ac- 
quaintance, which extends to almost every village and city in the United 
States, together with the reputation the College enjoys, enables us to pro- 
vide situations for all who merit and desire them. 

(»tll, Time of Entering'. Applicants are admitted any week day in the 
year. There is no class system, each student receiving individual instruc 
tion. There are no examinations at commencement Boys past the age of 
14 years, young men and men of all ages are admitted. 

7th, Terms. Tuition for the Business Course, time unlimited $45 00, 
with a matriculation fee of $5 00. Board in best private families from 
.$4.00 to $5.00 per week. The total expense of Tuition, Board and Stationery 
for the prescribed course of thre« months is from $110 to $125. Students 
selecting cheaper boarding places can complete the course at much less 
expense. J. deduction from the above is made when two or more enter from 
the same place at the same time. (See Catalogue.) 

Note. — We invite business men, parents andyoung men to make a per- 
sonal examination of the Institution, its original and pre eminent course of 
study and plan of operation, confident that it will meet their fullest ex- 
pectations. 

The Illustrated College Journal giving a history of the Institution, 
practical course of study, and plan of operation, and the College Directo- 
ry, giving the names, addresses and business of over 3,000 graduates who 
owe their present success to the Institution, may be had by addressing the 
President, H. G. Eastman, LL.D., Poughkeepsie, N. Y. 

[over. J 



OPINIONS FROM EMINENT SOURCES. 



-♦• 



Rev. S. 1). Bnrcharcl, D.B., Pastor IStfi Street Presbyterian Church, 

New York says : 
"Dr. II. G. Eastman: 

"Deak Sir : Having just returned from a visit to your practical College 
where I was made familiar with its workings, I take pleasure in express- 
ing my convictions of its character and usefulness. In the first place, the 
conception of such an Institution including the Theory and PRACTICE of 
Business, qualifying young men in the shortest possible time for 
Imsine-ss m all its «copesand details, is honor enough for any one man, and 
worthy the age in which we live. Your plan of instruction, so unique and 
comprehensive, so facile and free from the toil and drudgery of ordinary 
schools; and then your genius, inspiring all and presiding over all, have 
contributed to make your Institution what it is, the most successful of mod- 
ern improvements, a monument of your talent, and a blessing to the land. 
1 know of no institution, eitner in the old or new world, that receives oris 
worthv of a patronage so extended as this. Very respectfully yours, 

"S. D. BURCHARD." 



From I). T. Moore, of "Moore's Rural New Yorker" of New York City : 
"H. GL Eastman, L.L.D., President of Eastman College, has been elected 
Mayor of the City of Poughkeepsie by an overwhelming majority. He is 
a man who has achieved successby industry and goaheadativeuess in building 
up a gnat, successful, and useful institution on the Hudson. We are glad to 
chronicle tin.'; fact that such a man is honored by his fellow citizens." 

Mr. Montfort, of the Cincinnati Presbytery, July 6th, 1871, says : 

"Our children are stuffed with too much Latin and Classical Literature 
for the great practicabilities of active, busy life. You (Mayor Eastman) 
have hit the nail on the centre, and your Institution cannot be too exten- 
sively known." 

From Henry Ward Beecher's Paper, the Christian Union: 

"We know of this Institution (Eastman College) and Us admirable re- 
sults within the circle of our personal acquaintance and we cordially recom- 
mend any one who wants what it offers, to go there for it, confident that it 
will be the best of the kind." 

jjglTSee Catalogue for many hundred similar ones. Sent free to any ad- 
dress. 



m i M um im 



NECTAR SYRUP, 

OR, 

A SODA-FOUNTAIN AT HOME. 



CREAM-NECTAR.— By this namo is known ono of the most delicious and 
invigorating beverages, in which caibonic acid gas enters as one of the chief 
elements. It is this gas which produces the sparkle and brisk fermentation 
of Champagne and the Mineral Waters. In the Nectar it is so retained that 
none escapes during effervescence. 

During warm weather it is the best cooling beverage that can be used, and 
hence every family should keep it on hand 



The best cooling and invigorating c'rinks, fcr the wcrm weather, are made 
from Nectar Syrup. A goblet, a little syrup, a teaspoonful or two of sugar, 
and some cocl v.atcr, are ell that is necessary to produce an excellent beverage 
—like lemonade— restoring the exhausted or debilitated energies of the system 
at once, without tho trouble of making from the fruit. Try it. 



THE SYRUP OF CREAM- NECTAR is prepared and put up in convenient 
packages, so that every family can keep on hand a supply for immediate use- 
one bottle touting only fifty cents— makes from ten to twelve gla?ses of Cream- 
Nectar, or about fifty glasses of superior lemonade. Hence it is the most eco- 
nomical as well as the most pleasant ard healtby beverage in the market. It 
can be used for all the purposes of Lemon Syrup. 

Travelers ! take with you a small bottle of Nectar Syrup. It can be easily 
put in your eatchel; and, when warm, tired, and thirsty, put a couple of tea- 
spoonfuls of the Syrup and about as much sugar in the glass of water you are 
about to drink; it will add very much to your comfort 

For sale by all grocers. Orders addressed to 

WELSH & REYNOLDS, 

P. O. Box 79. JERSEY CITY, N. J. 



NARRAGANSETT STEAMSHIP CO. 

AND OLID COLONY jK. JR. 

"IF'^HjILj RIVBPl XjIOSTE" 

BETWEEN 

NEW YORK and BOSTON, via NEWPORT and PALL RIVER. 

STEAMERS LEAVE NEW YORK AT 

P \/T DAILY (SUNDAYS EXCEPTED), FROM 
^ X . 1V1. Pier £S, JV. JR., foot Murray St. 

4 P. M. in Winter. 

THE WORLD RENOWNED STEAMERS 

BRISTOL, 

Commander A. G. SIMMONS. 

PROVIDENCE, 

Commander B. M. SIMMONS. 

Trains Leave Boston from the Old Colony Depot, corner South and 

Kneeland Sts., at 4.30 and 5.30 P. M., connecting icith the 

Magnificent Steamers at Fall River. 

STEAMERS LEAVE KEWFCRT AT 8,30 P. Id. 

The most direct route to Taunton, Midoleboro, Plymouth, New Bedford, 

Martha's Vineyard, Nantucket, and all points en the South Shore 

and Cape Cod V> ail way. 

Through Tickets sold to the WHITE MOUNTAINS, and all principal points in 
New England and the Provinces. 

PROMENADE CONCERTS EVERY EVENING 

BY 

Hall's Celebrated Brass, Reed, and String Bands. 

$&=■ For Tickets and Staterooms *=©& 
IN NEW YORK — Apply at 241 Broadwav, 520 Broadway, Broadway, corner 
of 23d Street, Dodd's Express Office, 944 Broadway, and 4 Ccuit Street, 
Brooklyn, or at the Office on the Pier 

IN BOSTON at No. 3 Old State House, and at Old Colony Rdlroad Depot. 

JS9* Through Tickets sold by all the principal Railroads East, South, and 
West. Baggage checked to destination. 

The only direct Line to and from Newport, 

5©"° Ask for Tickets via Fall 'River Line, -^a 

J. R. KENDRICK, Sup't. A. P. BACON. Srp'T. 

O. C. B. B., BOSTON. N. 8. 8. CO., NLW YOBS. 



. I II .III I III ' 



I ■ ■ - 'I ■ > I 



Saratoga 





ring Co. 




THE SARATOGA- STAR SPRING CO. have demonstrated by actual use that tho waters 
from their Spring will keep for Months in their bbls., which arc lined with pr.re tin, and 
hold its properties as well as in bottles. They now have half bbls. (15 gallons,) being an 
equivalent of three eases water, which they will lend to customers free of charge, provided 
they arc returned freight paid, and will sell the water at Four Dollars per half bbl. Being 
less than one-fifth the cost of tho same amount of water in pt. bottles, and can be trans- 
ported for about the price of one case. 

Customers can avail themselves of this method of dispensing the water by applying to 
the Star Spring Co. * 



Water in half bbls. •* for 16 gals* 

Water in qt. bottles, 2 dozen in Case, %5 per Case. 
Water in pt. " i " u »T per Case. 

Water in bbls. to dealers muimlent to six Cases) $7.50. 



Address 



SARATOGA STAR SPRING 00., 

SARATOGA. NEW YORK 

MELVIN WRIGHT, Supt. and Gen. Agt. 



...... - j ■ ■ ' ' ■>» • 






-*— n 




• * ft 



9 






# 



OF 




THE STEAMERS 



Sunnyside and Thos. Powell 



WILL LEAVE 



NEW YORK, Daily, (Saturdays excpt'd) at 6o»crk, P.M. 

From Pier 49, Leroy Street, 



RETURNING, WILL LEAVE 



TROY, from foot Broadway, Daily, (Saturdays excpt'd) 



At 6 o'clock, F. M. 



n®» Passengers ticketed and baggage checked via 

R. & S. and T. & B. Rail Roads to 

points North and West. 

B^* 'Shippers 1 will mark their freight via 
" Citizens' Steamboat Co." 

G. W. HOETOS, Agent, Troy. JOSEPH CORNELL, Gen'l Sup% N. Y. 



^™-^»*^^ 



THE 

SARATOGA GEYSER, <- SPOUTING SPRING. 

The Proprietors of the Geyser Spring would respectfully call the attention of 
Physicians, Druggists, and others to the following analysis of the Geyser Water, 
made by Protestor C. F. Chandler, Ph. D., of Columbia College School of Mines, 
a few weeks after its discover}-: 

Chloride of Sodium 562.080 grains. 

Chloride of Potassium 24.634 " 

Bromide of Sodium 2. '212 <: 

Iodide of Sodium 0.248 " 

Fluoride of Calcium trace 

Bicarbonate of Lithia 7.004 " 

Bicarbonate of Soda 71.232 " 

Bicarbonate of Magnesia 149 343 

Bicarbonate of Lime 170.392 " 

Bicarbonate of Strontia 0.425 " 

Bicarbonate of Baryta 2.014 ,s 

Bicarbonate of Iron 0.979 " 

Sulphate of Potassa trace 

Phosphate of Soda trace 

Biborate of Soda trace 

* 1 1 LI LL1 ' U c«j . • * . . >•*••••••••- ••••*••••••••• >■■•*•<•■•■•%••• • * L 1 t * v k. 

Silica 0.65 " 

Organic matter trace 

, . _ 

Total solid contents 991.546 

. 

"_ ■ ■ ' 

Carbonic Acid Gas in 1 U. S. GaL 454. 0S2 

Density... 1.01 1 

Temperaturo 46= Fall. 

The water never varies in flavor, nor are its properties subjected to change by 
the dilution of fresh water or the mingling of foreign substances during the wet 
seasons of the year. As a medicinal agency, its effects are marvelous. Testi- 
monials from all quarters are received, bearing witness to its wonderful cures of 
diseases. 

Geyser Water is put up in Pint and Quart Bottles. Carefully packed for 
shipment to any part of the globe. 

It is boxed in cases containing 4 doz. Pints, 2 doz. Pints, 2 doz. Quart*; it is 
also sold in metallic lined barrels, upon special application. 

Address, 

GEYSER SPRING, 

Saratoga SpriiiQSf W» Y» 



Mmw ¥<&£& ©@m 





^.zntid 



HUDSON RIVER RAIL ROAD. 



Nine Express Trains daily from the 

Grand Pentral Depot, New York, 

4th Ave & 42nd St. 

TWO SPECIAL DRAWING ROOM TWAINS 

FOB 

SARATOGA AND LAKE GEORGE, 

(Froni New Toia to Saratoga In less taan 6 hours.) 
Five Through Trains from New York to 

JSttJ^GASEiJ^ FALLS. 



-»« »■ 



The best managed Bail Boad in the country. 

Tlie most complete in all its appointments. 

AIiW A.1T« ON rris^E^s, 

"Wagaer's elegantly faraishoS Dr-win-; Hdo:a Czxz na. o:i all through trails. 

. Sleepiag Cars of mo gao .uasurpssood. 

■" : Tho best -Route. £rom Now Yeffk to the West* - 

- » • - ' ." — - - — - • 

J. M. TOnHHV Supt. C.-H. EENDEICS, GenL Ticket Agt 



SARATOGA HIGH ROCK SPRING. 




The proprietors of thin WORLD-RENOWNED FOUNTAIN have the grati- 
fication of announcing to dealers in, and consumers of Mineral Water, that 
having, at a very great expense, put this f pring in the most perfect condition, 
they are fully prepared to supply all orders for wafer, cither in glass or lulls. 
Analysis by 1'rof. C. F. Chandler, of Columbia College. 

Bicarbonate of Magnesia, 54,924 grs. 



*cda, 



Bicarbonate of c 
Bicarbonate cf Ircn, 
Phosphate of Lime, 
Alumina, . . . . 
Silica, »- . ... 

Total, • • • 
Carbonic Acid Gas, 



34,888 
1,478 
trace. 
1,223 
2.2G0 



. . 628,039 grs. 
409,458 cub. in. 



-"Retail less than. 13 dozen. 



Chloride of Sodium, . 390,127 grs. 
Chloride of Potassium, . 8.974 " 
Bromide of Sodium, . 0.731 " 
Iodide of Sodium, . 0,086 " 

Fluoride of Calcium, . trace. 
Sulphate of Potassa, . 1, 60S -grs. 

Bicarbonate of Baryta, . trace. 
Bicarbonate of Strontia, trace—- 
Bicarbonate of Lime, . 131,739 grs. 

PRICES- 
Quarts*, in Boxes of 2 dozen, 3 dozen and 4 dozen, . 
Pints, in Boxes of 4 dozer, 5 '"ozen and 6 dozen, 

WHOLESALE PRICES PER' GROSS. 
Quarts, in Boxes of 2 -'"osen, 3 dozen and 4 dozen, - 
Pints, in Boxes of 4 dozen v 5 dozen and 6 dozen, 

WATER IN BULK. ■ ■•■»*- : « 

20c. perral. to parties furnishing bbls. I 25c. ptr gal. if-bbls. are loaned by Co; 
Met<il-line4 B^rtelS fQCsalel'at'^JOsi price, and- also-loeaed i& ^responsible 
parties. Bottles re-filled at the usual rates. 

H. UNDERWOOD, Sup't. , W. G. FARG(V Prefr't. 

Address an orders and communications to the Superintendent, at Saratoga Springs. 



$3 each per dcz. 
2 each per doz. 

$2.50 each per dcz. 
.1.75- each per dcz.. 



Adirondack Company's Eailroad 

FROM SARATOGA SPRINGS 

to LtZER\E, HADLEY, THIRMAN, ( be station for LAKE GEGRCE and 
WARRENSBIRG,) THE CiLES, RIVERSIDE and MIRTH CREEK, 

FORMING THE 

MOST DIRECT RAILROA D RO UTE 

TO THE 

VALLEY OF THE UPPER HUDSON 

and the Wilderness. 



Connections are made at Thnrman tvith a First- Class 

Stage Line to Lake George, 

The distance by Stage (9 miles), Through Fare, and Time being tho samo 
as by the old route via Glen's Falls. This routo affords 

New and Far More Picturesque and Delightful Scenery 

Than any other routo from Saratoga. 

At Riverside Station, stages connect, running to SCHROON LAKE, 
CHESTER, POTTERSVILLE, and tho NORTH WOODS. 

From North Creek, stages run to the "FOURTEENTH," the most desirable 
rendezvous and starting point 'rom which to reach RAQUETTE LAKE and 
the HEART OF THE GREAT FOREST. 

Express trains leave Saratoga Springs on arrival of Morning and Mid-day 
trains from the south. 

G. E. DURKEE,- C. H. BALLARD, 

General Ticket Agent Superintendent 



■ ! ■'■ i iiun ■ " I n in i mUMI 



DRS. STRONG'S 



REMEDIAL INSTITUTE, 

SARATOGA SPRINGS, N. Y. 



» ifr * 



This institution was established in 1855, for the special treatment of Lung, 
Female, and various Chronic Diseases, and as a Summer Resort during the 
visiting season. 

The Institute has recently been doubled in size to meet tho necessities of 
its increased patronage. It is now th3 largest health institution in Saratoga, 
and is unsurpassed in the variety of its remedial appliances by atsy in this 
country. In tiie elegance and completeness of its appointments it is unequaled. 
Tiie building is heated by steam, so that in the coldest weather the air of the 
house .s like that of midsummer. 

The proprietors, Drs. S. S. and S. E. Strong, are graduates of the Medical 
Department of the New York TJjiversity, and are largely patronized by the 
medical profession. 

In addition to the ordinary remedial agencies used in general practice, they 
employ tho Equalizer, or Vacuum Treatment, Eiecteo-Thlemal Baths, 
Sulphur Air-Baths, Russian Baths, Turkish Baths, Hydropathy, Swedish 
Movement Cure, Oxygen Gas, Gymnastics, Health Left, Mineral Waters, 
&c, &c. 

The fact that a disease is long standing, is generally evidence that it should 
be treated at an institution having special facilities, Icr if it could be cured in 
ordinary practice it should not have become chronic. 



REFERENCES: 

Bishop M. Simpson. Prof. Taylor Lewis, LL.D. 

Rev. T. L. Cuilee, D.D. Chauncey N. Olds, LIr.D. 

Robert Carter, Esq. 



For particulars of the Institution send for circulars en Lung, Femalo, and 
Chronic Diseases, and on our Appliances. Address,' 

- : ; 

DBS. S. S. & S. E. STBOSTG, 

''"TlEMEblAL INSTITUTE, •.-- -. 2 

SARATOGA SPRINGS, N. T. 



' * m * ! <•* ■■■ ■ ' '1— 'iff"';'! 'I'- j " 1 '—■ : - i T» m tm . J 



HENRY O. HASKELL, 

Atwutv mm mt> mmm wonKs t 

Nos. 50, 52, 54, and 56 Liberty and 8 Pruyn Sts. 

Office, 8 Pruyn Street, near Steamboat Landing:, 



MANUFACTURE!* OF ALL SIZES < 1? 



I CAM cNb Nto AeiO Dull 



i 



BRIDGE AND ROOF BOLTS, 

CEMETERY, AREA, AND STOOP RAILINGS ; 

Bank Counter, Office, and Desk Railings; 

IROH WORK OF ALL KIMDS. 

Balconies, Verandas, Iron Bridges, 

Bedsteads, Bank Vaults, Wrought-Bron Beams, 

Roof Crestings, Doors and Shutters, 

MANUFACTURED, ALSO, OT 

BEZTTER, STONE & GO'S 

Patent Improved Wrought-lron Tubular Arch Truss Bridge. 

A Lithograph, giving full details, will he sent on Application. 

CASTINGS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION FURNISHED DAILY, 

Particular attention given to Repairing all -kinds, of Machinery and Boilers. 

Patterns and Models made at short notice. 



Sendi/or Illustrated Catalogue. 



BALLSTON SPA ARTESIAN LITHIA SPRING. 



Tho water of this remarkable Spring is shown by analysis to be twice as rich in valuable 
Remedial Agents as any other water found in Saratoga County, and to surpass in excellence 
all the Waters found in other parts of the United States. Flowing from a depth of *ix hun- 
dred and fifty feet, through a tube bored into the solid rock, it is not diluted or contaminated 
by surface water, as is generally the case with shallow springs. 

Its medical properties partake of the most celebrated Springs of the world, and in fact 
combine the ingredients of all the principal ones in Europe and America. It is very strongly 
impregnated with that valuable mineral, Lithia. which U so effed.xuil in dUaolcina the Chalk, 
or Limestone and Urate, deposits in Rheumatism. Gout and Gkavel, and has been success- 
fully used by hundreds in these diseases, with quick and telling effect ; as also in Kipnky Dis- 
ease, Liver Complaint. Catarrh. Dyspepsia. Biliousness Acidity of the Stomach, Con- 
stipation and Piles, and has proved itself a perfect panacea for these difficulties. 

Tho large quantities of Lithia, Bromine, and Iodine which it contains, specially recommend 
it to the attention of every Physician. 

ANALYSIS BY PROF. C. F. CHANDLER, PH. D. 



Chloride of Sodi um 

Chloride of Potassium.. 
Bromide of Sodium... , 

Iodide of Sodium . 

Fluoride of Calcium... 

Bicarbonate of Lithia 

Bicarbonate of Soda 

Bicarbonate of Magnesia, 
Bicarbonate of Lime.... 
Bicarbonate of Strontia. 
Bicarbonate of Baryta. . 
Bicarbonate of Iron 



750.080 grains. 

88.276 '* 

8.648 « 

0.124 M 

trace. 

7.750 " 

11.928 " 

180.602 " 

238.156 » 

0„6€7 " 

8.881 " 

1.581 * 



Carbonic Acid 
Density... . 
Temperature . 

School of Mints, Columbia College, X. I*., April 21, 1868. 



Sulphate of Potassa. 
Phosphate of Soda.. 

Biborate of Soda 

Alumina 

Silica 



Organic Matter. 



Total per gall. (231 cubic in.). 



Gas. 



0.520 grains. 


0.050 " 


trace. 


0.077 " 


0.761 " 


trace. 


1233 246 


426. 114 cub. in. 


1.0159 " 


52 deg. F. 



For the benefit of those who are not acquainted with the richness of the different Springs^ 
we give a Statement of the quantity of mineral matter contained in one gallon of Water ot 
the Springs which claim to be the most effective in disease:— 

Star Spring 615.685 grains. 

Seltzor Spring 401. 6S0 " 

Excelsior....! M4.746 " 



Ballston Artesian 

Lithia Spring. . . .1233.246 grains. 

Congress Spring 567.943 M 

Empire Spring 496.352 " 

High Rock Spring 628.088 " 



Gettysburgh Katalysine 2H56.930 



The Water is carefully and securely bottled, and packed in boxes of four-dozen Pints, and 
will bear transportation to any part of the world. 

To prevent imposition, the corks are marked thus: Artesian Spring Co., Ball* 
•ton, N. Y. 



Address, 



ARTESIAN LITHIA SPRING CO., 

Ballston Spa., N. IV 



r 



HOWE S CAV 



SCHOHARIE COUNTY, N. Y. 

Entranee within a faw rods of tho Station, on tho Albany and Susquehanna It. R., 

3D miles from Albany. 



-»~p-*- 



This is one of the most remarkable curiosities in tho United States. For 
beauty, variety and extent, ii is only equaled by the Mammoth Cave of Ken- 
tucky, with tho advantago cf being more convenient of access, and without 
danger. To increase tho novelty, means have recently boen taken to havo it 

LIGHTED WITH GAS 

as far as tho Lake. Visitors now havo tho choice of viewing that portion of 
the Cavern by Torch Light or by Lanterns. 

The Only Cave in the World Lighted with Gas. 

Full description of tho prominent points of interest will bo found in this 
Guide, under tho Albany and Susquehanna Railroad Division. 



For tho accommodation of visitors thero has recently been erected at tho 
mouth of tho Cave a first-class hotel, with all tho modern improvements, 



known as the 



■> 



C^^E HOUSE. 

H. FBAN0IS00, Proprietor, 

Whero every comfort and convenience will be provided to make it pleasant 
for visitors. Suitable apparel will also bo furnished for ladies and gentlemen 
entering the Cave, although there is less necessity fcr it now than formerly, 
as excavations have been made, and are being made, rendering tho passago of 
that portion usually visited easy of access, and extra clothing unneces:ary. 

Experienced Guides will accompany Visitors either by day cr eight* 

















W. C. KEYES & SON, Proprietors. 



»«» 



This Houso is pleasantly located on 

MAIN STREET, 

Within a very short distance of the Lake, in the beautiful 

village of 

COOPERSTO WN, N. Y. 



SUMMER TOURISTS and TRAVELERS, 

All tho year round, will nnd all tho necessary conveniences and 

comforts of a 

' FIBST-OUSS ItTlEi. 

STABLING ATTACHED. 



• 



And Carriages will convey Guests to and from the Railway 

Station, free of charge. 



s 



SMITHSONIAN HOUSE, 

The Pleasantest Hotel in the Pleasant Village of 

NYACK-ON-T HE-HUDSON. 

City Comforts, Most Healthful Location, Large, Airy, Well- 
furnished Booms, Gas, Pure Water, Shaded Grounds, 
Magnificent Views, Boating and Biding easily 
attainable, Good Table. 



Transient as well as Permanent Boarders 
will be made welcome. 



PRICES EEASONABLE. 



Appbtsh 

M. L. BIG-ELOW, 

Nyack-on-the-Hudson, 



'iillll la sLLL all tjiJbs 

RTJTLAJSTD, VEEMONT. 

CRAMTON & SA.LSBUEY, Proprietors. 



This large and commodious Hotel, is located near the Railway Station and in 
the business center of the town. It has long enjoyed a reputation as a popular 
place of resort for travelers, as it first-class house in Vermont. Tho house has 
recently been thoroughly renovated, and large and pleasant suites of rooms 
added ; a large Billiard-Room opened: and new furniture and carpets introduced. 
A wing of fifty feet, three stories high, has been added during the last season. 
to meet, the demands of a continual increase in business. 

The house is under the direction of the popular and experienced manager, 
Major Saisbury, who has been long known to travelers, and will continue in 
the future, as in the past, to meet the wants and merit the pnironage of the 
public . „ A first-class wvery. stable i& attached to the house, where guests .can 
be at all limes accommodated at reasonable rates. 

Persons desiring to visit the remark abte~" 

, SPRINGS AT NHDDtETOWN, 

OR THE CELEBRATED 

CLARENDON SPRINGS, 

* - . 
will find Rutland a favorable point to stop. 

Tlae Brtec to irotfi these places from Rutland is Pleasant and Agreeable. 



- . — — 



C. W. BILLINGS, 

MARBLEi.ZED SLATE AND 

MARBLE MANTEL WORKS, 

Corner North Third and Hutton Sts. f 

TROY, N. Y. 

40i 

MANTELS OF EVERY GRADE, 

From the Plain Chamber to the Elegant Parlor and 

Library Mantel. 

MANUFACTURED FROM EEAL MARBLE, 

or Slate Marbleized, 

in exact imitation of all the costly imported marble, embracing 

EGYPTIAN, SPANISH, GALWAY GREEN, 

CALIFORNIA, PORPHYRY, 

SIENNA BROCATEL, VERD ANTIQUE, 

PYRRENESE, ROMAN, 

JASPER, LISBON, BLACK and GOLD. 

Also executed in imitation of 

OAK, WALNUT, ASH AND MAPLE. 



ORIGINAL DESIGNS 

executed to ARCHITECTS drawings in any and every style. Grates for hard 
or soft coal, with summer pieces to correspond with the various styles. Also 
Black Boards, Sinks, Floor Tiles, Hearths, &c. These Mantels can be 
securely packed and shipped to any part of the country. Orders for any 
article capable of beiug manufactured from fiat© will be promptly executed. 
Sufficient inducements will be offered to WHOLESALE DEALERS. 



~ mn m ^ * m 



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SOMETHING NEW. 

THE GOLDEN SUN FIREPLACE HEATER. 

/ WE OX'Wti 'Ho TUti TltAL»Jjl 

The Most Perfect Base-Burning and Illuminating Fireplace Stove 

OF THIS AGE. 

Oar patent Arrangement for Removing 
the Slate and Clineebs feom the Fiee- 
Chambee, without dropping the tire out, 
is an improvement not iound in any other 
Fireplace Heater. This can be done every 
morning with less troulle than it takes to 
rake the old kind of Stoves, and a contin- 
uous lire be kept going, always fresh on 
the grate. By this means the entire sur- 
face of the stove can always be relied on 
for heat; but in other stoves, when the 
grate surface becomes covered with clink- 
ers and the cylinder half filled with ashes 
and clinkers, orly the upper surface will 
afford keat,— thus very olten resulting in 
the over-heating and ruining of the stove. With our Impkoved Geate the base 
of the stove is nlways hot. In this stove wo give a bottom as will as a top 
view of the fiee; whereas, in all other stoves the firo can only be seen frcm 
the top. With this improvement we can always see through the windows in 
the base, and tell waea the firo requires raking. 

In addition to the above-named improvements, we have placed our Hot-Aie 
Damper in the casing of the stove. This improvement saves the trculle of 
putting a chimney -iron find Lo'-rir damper in the throat of the chimney, as 
with our improvement the heat can all be thrown down s:a:rs at pleasure. 
Again, we have mad 3 our front circle movable. Tho dove can be set in and 
the front put on after tho pipe is connected. This gives the workman a chance 
to see what he is "doinc? whilo connecting tho pipe, and he can always be sure 
that his pipe is properly connected. 

The construction of the Grate and Firepot is entirely new, as well as our 
Hot- Air Damper,— nothing of the kind having heretofore been invented. The 
Patent Offico at Washington has been thoroughly serrched, and no invention 
bearing any resemblance can bo found; consequently we claim "something 
new unde- the sun." 

We invite the Trade and the Public generally, to call at our warerooms and 
examine the Supeeiobity of this Stove ovee all othees. 

JAMES SPEAR <fe CO., 
Inventors, Patentees, and Sole Manufacturers, 

1116 and 1113 Market Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 

FOE SALE BY 

E. L. POSSMAN, .. .,. .... . . ... . . Hudson, • N. T. 

TROWBRIDGE & SHEEBILL, * « . Poughkeepsie, N. Y. 



■.:■- 



4 

Forest Mining and Slate Co., 

HYDEViLLE, 

ECTLAND COUNTY VERMONT. 



•» « 



A.. W. HYDE, President. 
MXT W. KtYX>JE, A.S&HU 







MANUFACTUBEBS OF 

MARBLEIZED SLATE AND MARBLE MANTELS, 

CHIMNEY-PIECES, TABLE-TOPS, PIER-TABLES, CHESS-TABLES, 
BRACKET-SHELVES, BUREAU-TOPS, AND SLATE BILLIARD- 
TABLE BEDS, HEARTHS, BLACKBOARDS, FLOOR-TELE, 
SINK8, WASH-TUBS, BATHING-TUBS, WALKS, 
GRAVE-COVERS, GRAVE-MARKS, 

CHIMNEY- COVERS, ROOFING-SLATE, Ac. 

ALSO, 

Marble Billiard-Table Beds, Tile, 
Furniture-Tops, &c. 



1M - _ _ ^^ J -^^^--^ [ _ ^.^-_ 



EMPIRE HEATING RANGE 



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NEW YORK STATE FAIRS, 

1868, 1869. 1870, 1871 and 1872. 

Will Heat from one to four upper rooms in the 

coldest weather. 

MANUFACTURED BY 

SWETT, QUIMBY & PERRY, 

277 El ver Street, Tro y, 1ST. Y. - 

FOR SALE JBY 

R. L. ROSSMAN, Hudson, N 9 Y. 
GEORGE L. DENNIS, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. 



» i i 



PHCBNIX MUTUAL 





IIA.TlTI?OXlI>, CONN. 

January 1st, 1S73. 

POLICIES ISSUED, 1872, 10,527. INCOME, 1872, $3,413,752.45. 

The Only old Company of Consideration thai has Increased its Business in 1872. 

ASSETS, securely invested, - $8,21)9.325.07 

SURPLUS, free of all liabilities, 1,199, S31. 50 

DIVEDEKDG, paid to Policy-holders during the year, .... 943,441.71 

INOOIHE, for the year, 3,413,752.45 

LOSSES, paid during the year, 831,116.32 

COMPARISON 0? THE BUSINESS OF 1871 AND 187 .-. 

POLICIES DIVIDENDS PAID LOSSES 

LSSOED. INCOME. POLICY-HOLDERS. BY DEATH. NET ASSETS. 

1871, - - ' - 10,039 $3,135,736.14 $633,054.22 $652,500.57 $7,356,967.28 

1872, - - - 10,527 3,413,752 45 043,441.71 831,116.32 8,209,325.07 

An increase which affords most convinciug proof of the growing and well-merited favor 
with which the Company is regarded by insurers. 

The following table exhibits the progress of tbe Company during the last ten years : 

POLICIES DIVIDENDS PAID LOSSES 

ISSUED. INCOME. POLICY-HOLDEB3. BY DEATH. ASSETS. 

1362 and 63, - 1,717 $125,672.00 $1,244.00 $58,000.00 $437,933.00 

1864 and C5, . • G.5S9 789,733.00 2,383.00 117,200.00 903,285.00 

1866 and 67, • 9,919 2,027,051.00 60,222.00 196,050.00 2,218,344.00 

186a and 69, - - 16,852 4,363,812.00 461,716.00 502.544.00 5,081,9:5.00 

1870 and 71, - 19,105 6,963,392 00 1,162,412.00 1.153,056.00 7,510.61400 

An- examination of the above figures shows that the Company is a pro- 
gressive one, that it guarantees ample security to its Policy-holders, and 
that it affords Insurance at the Imvest rates. It appears, also, that within the 
last ten years it has paid to its Policy-holders, in Dividends, nearly 

TWO MILLION SEVEN HUNDRED THOUSAND DOLLARS, 

And in losses bv death nearly 

THREE MILLION DOLLARS, 

And at the same time it has greatly increased it3 Assets, as well as maintained a large surplus 
over all Liabilities. Since the commencement of its business the Company has issued over 

SEVENTY-TWO THOUSAND POLICIES, 

And has paid to the families of its deceased members nearly 

THREE AND A HALF MILLION DOLLARS. 
J. F. BURNS, Sec'y. £. FESSENDEN, Pres't. 

— " ' I ■ ' ■ ■ - . . . ■ . .T.-. , ■ 



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THE BUCK EYE 

MOWER AND SELF-RAKING REAPER. 



Styles, Sizes and 



PRICES TO SUIT ALL 



Classes of Farmers. 







< 




The Superiority of the Princi- 
ples and Mechanism of this 
Machine have Earned for it its 
Reputation as the 

Most Perfect and 
MOST DURABLE HARVESTER 

IN THE WORLD. 



*S^ 



The high standard of excel- 



lence in 



MATERIAL AND WORKMANSHIP 
maintained, and VALUABLE IM- 



PEOVEMENTS ADDED. 







MANUFACTURED BY 

ADRIANCE, PLATT & CO., 165 Greenwich Street, 

NEAR COURTLANDT STREET, NEW YORK. 

m^ivtjfAvOtohy, poughkeepsie, i*. y. 



m-c^ 



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// 





LINE STEAMERS, 



From Pier 35, 
FOOT OF FRANKLIN ST. 



old Spring, Cornwall Landing, Rhinebeck, 
ivoli, Maiden, Smith's Dock and Germantown. 

Passage, ONE DOLLAR. 



THE PALATIAL STEAMER 







An «sl 






M 



A. P. BLACK, Commander, 
Will leave Franjelin St., Mondays, Wednesdays d- Fridays, 

AT 6 O'CLOCK, F. M. 

Making the usual landings. 

THE PALACE STEAMER 






[ - 



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i 






P. H. KNICKERBACKER, Commander, 
Will leave Franklin St., Tuesdays, Thursdays <& Saturdays. 

AT 5 O'CLOCK, F. M. 

Making the usual landings. 
Arriving at Catslcill at S A..M., connecting with all lines of Stages. 

Returning leave Catskill at 6 P. M. on alternate days. 



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Vi 



This Iiine connects with Steamer City of Hudson for Coxsackie, Stuy- 
vcKunt, New Baltimore, and Castleton. 










EVERY A PTERNOON. 



UBWBtJR® 

POUGHKEEPSIE, 

EONDOUT & KINGSTON, 

COZZEXS, IFBST POINT, CORS WALL. W II 
BAMBVRGH, X Mil Ids 

BREAKFAST AND DINNER SERVED ON BOAI^D 

>I A R V PO WEI L, 

« \ i- i viv >m»i inaoN, 

wii.L l.KAVh KBW YORB ■ SOON, 

FROM VESTRY STREET, PIER 39.' 
\i 3.30 <•''■)' tck. 

RXTURN1 



Hew Hamburgh, 



6.S0 

0. t 6 



ivbiirgh. 



Arriving in New York at 10.45. 




CATSKILL LINE STEAMERS, 

K< it n in FRAN KLIN BT. 

Cold Spring, Cornwall Landing, Rhinebeck, 
Tivoli, Maiden. Smith's Dock and Germantown. 
ig, i i\l I IOLLAR. 

! 11 I M i : ' ■ -' ' 

MEW CHAMPION, 

A. I*. BLACK.. Comnftntoi 

n ut trait I- '■'<" «.. '(•"<-'•'."•. " .•'"■-'•"<■ •' '<•-'""-- 

\l .. • i I 1 .« " K 1 ' M- 

Tlll l*Al V BST1 VMfflB 

ANDREW HARDER. 

p H. KNII BBBBAGKEB, Oonmantoi 

,utii t ,,•>.).>•„ «., /i" -<<«<,.. n»ur«totf#d Sa(«rti«v<. 

\ I 6 < >'i 'I-' »CK, P M 

Mlkii., ' 



... . mum .1. n « »> «' muuon r« Oou*M»te, «....»- 

..,,. >,-» ll.4litii.oris uii.l CuUfMO- 



KAI KUAN KB 




STANDARD SCALES: 




COBHTEE. OEOCEE'S. DRB0OISTS. AND GOLD SCALES. 
Sl.k ml) b) llli 

FAIRBANKS & CO.. 311 BROADWAY. N. Y. 

PAIBB1NKS, BROWS. 1 CO.. Z Bill Stml, 10U S»»lh Bl«*,> Balu. 
^- Alsu ..' ' Tmmt 









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KILL LINE STEAMERS, 

From Pier 35, 
FOOT OF FRANKLIN ST. 



ild Spring, Cornwall Landing, Ehineteck, 
iivoli, Maiden, Smith's Dock and Germantown. 

Passage, ONE DOLLAR. 

THE PALATIAL STEAMER 







m 






L M 



A. P. BLACK, Commander, 
Hill leave Franklin St., Mondays, Wednesdays <C Fridays, 

AT 6 O'CLOCK, F. M. 

Making the usual landings. 

THE PALACE STEAMER 











i 








P. H. KNICKEEBACKEB, Commander, 
Will leave Franklin St., Tuesdays, Thursdays <£• Saturdays. 

AT 5 O'CLOCK, F. M. 

Making the usual landings. 
Arriving at Catskill at 5 A.M., connecting tvith all lines of Stages. 

Returning leave Catskill at 6 P. M. on alternate days. 

This Line connects with Steamer City of Hudson for Coxsackie, Stuy- 
vesant, New Baltimore, and Castleton. 



I 



Count the Cost. 

THE BEST IS THE CHEAPEST. 

It is an undoubted fact that there are but very few families that can afford to 
lo without a Sewing Machine. The question is not ''Shall we get one?" but 
Wfiich shall we 

OETP" 

G E one that runs easily. 

G E one that works quietly. 

GET one that will stay in order. 

3 E X one that will do all you need. 

G E" one that has in itself all the necessary parts of a 

good machine. 

G E one that adds lo all f he above 

many new and desirable qualities, that can only be had with th« 

FLORENCE 

SEWING - MACHINE. 



SEND FOR 



A FULL 



DESCRIPTIVE 




Agents Wanted 



WHEM VOX 



ALREADY 



CIRCULAR. '^MIl Hlill P 1 ^ ESTABLISHED. 
FLORENCE SEWING-MACHINE CO., 

FLORENCE, MASS., or 

778 Washington Street, Boston. 39 Union Square, New York. 



w.: l i«^u» ul 



T H E 

NORTH AMERICA 

(MUTUAL) 

Life Insurance Company, 

Have determined to offer to those who may prefer that plan of Insurance. 

the new system entitled 

TONTINE INSURANCE. 

It is believed to combine greater and more varied advantages than any 
other known system of Insurance. — Send for circular. 

ABSOLUTE SECURITY. 

1?PP*i^trV - — '^' s Company issues New York Stale Registered Policies, secured by 
C 5 L y * pledge of Public Stocks, like the circulation of National Banks. This 

makes every Registered Poiicy as secure to the holder as a National Bank note or United 
States Bond. 

Superintendent Barnes says, in bis Report for 1869: — "So far as the question of 
security is concerned, a Policy, duly registered in this Department, is probably the safest 
Life Insurance Policy that can be issued by a corporation." 

Amount on deposit with the Insurance Department, for the protec- 
tion of Pol icy- Holders of the North America Life Insurance Com- 
pany, nearly $2,000,000. 

(See Regular Bulletin of Registered Policy Account in every Tuesday's A'. Y. Tribune!) 

ALL POLICIES REGISTERED IN THE INSURANCE DEPARTMENT 

FREE OF COST. 

l\ZTntna1it\7 The Company is Purely Mutual, the Capital Stock having been 

muiuaiuy . recently paid back to the Stockholders, and henceforth all the profits 

will bi divided among the Policy-Holders, after the NEW PLAN OF CONTRI- 
BUTION originated by this Company. 

"Wnn-Frnrf^i+nr^ ALL OUR LIFE AND ENDOWMENT POLICIES 

-L^Ull J. UliCUUIC. ARE NON-FORFEITABLE, (except Tontine Policy,) 

thus securing to your heirs the value of every dollar invested, whether you can continue 

your Policy or not. 

"Mnn-l?^ctfir»fi/M-» No restriction on Travel in the United States or any part 

x* KJll JX.COII 1C11UI1. of Nonh America, north of the Southern Cape of Flor- 
ida, or in Europe at any season of the year. 

Grace in Payment of Premiums — ^, y d ^S c ^S 

and the Policy held geod. 

Premiums and Returns of Surplus, ^ b &Jr%f|JSi5 

of the policy-Holder, converted to additional Insurance. 

NORTH AMERICA (Mutual) LIFE INS. CO. 

17 and 19 Warren Street, New York. 



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